Execute monitor format diagnose

Task 17 Match these common DOS commands with the appropriate explanation.

1 • BACKUP a searches for a specific string of text in a file.

2 £ CHDIR or CD b allows a text file from the current directory to be

displayed on screen.

3 CHKDSK c. allows the user to change the name of a file.

4 CLS d; saves the contents of the hard disk to a floppy disk for

security purposes.

5 DEL e is used when it is necessary to change the current

directory.

6 DIR:SORT T^{r :}: clears data from the screen.

7 REN g alphabetically sorts aqd lists a disk directory.

8 TYPE h)makes back-up copies of the contents of one disk to

"another.

9 FIND i \ deletes a specified file from the current directory,

specified drive, or specified path.

10 DISKCOPY j produces a status report of the currently logged-on

disk, indicating the amount of disk space used, the available rapacity (in bytes), and the number of files on disk.

Task 18

Word-play

Find the hidden words in this square. Some appear vertically, some horizontally, and some diagonally. They may be upside-down or back to front. Use the clues below to help you. The number of letters in each word and the first letter of the word appear in brackets after the clue. The first one has been done for you.

R

L P N T P- I D [ U E A E E B P R T D l A F

B R E O E T A E C

N D E L

U R R

Find words which mean:

1 a computer that is small enough to hold in the hand. (7, P)

2 an electronic pen. (6, S)

3 to erase or omit. (6, D)

4 one type of portable computer which operates with an electronic pen. (9, C)

5 the information that the computer processes. (4, D)

6 a network of lines crossing at right angles. (4, G)

7^v a signal to a processor to suspend temporarily the current sequence of instructions. (9,1)

8 a pattern used as a guide for creating letters or characters. (8, T)

9 an individual dot on a computer screen. (5, P)

Language focus B

Word formation: prefixes

When you are reading, you will come across unfamiliar words. It is often possible to guess the meanings of these words if you understand the way words in English are generally formed.

An English word can be divided into three parts: a prefix, a stem, and a suffix. Pre-means 'before'. A prefix, therefore, is what comes before the stem. Consider, as an example, the prefix de- (meaning 'reduce' or 'reverse') in a word like demagnetize (meaning 'to deprive of magnetism'). A suffix is what is attached to the end of the stem. Consider, as an example, the suffix -er (meaning 'someone who') in programmer ('a person who programs').

Suffixes change the word from one part of speech to another. For example, -ly added to the adjective quick gives the adverb quickly. Prefixes, on the other hand, usually change the meaning of the word. For example, un- changes a word to the negative. Unmagnetizable means 'not capable of being magnetized'.

Let us now consider some prefixes, their usual meanings, and how they change the meanings of English words.

Prefixes

Negative and positive

Size

Location

Time and order

Number

24

Exercise 1 Study these tables. Try to find additional examples, using your dictionary if

necessary.

1 Negative and positive prefixes:

3 Prefixes of location:

Prefix

Meaning

Examples

4 Prefixes of time and order:

Prefix

Meaning

Examples

ante-pre-

prime-

post-

retro-

before

first

after

backward

antecedent prefix

primary, primitive

postdated

retroactive

5 Prefixes of numbers:

Prefix

Meaning

Examples

6 Other prefixes:

Prefix

Meaning

Examples

pro-

auto-

co-con-

Exercise 2

1 2 3

Read the following sentences and circle the prefixes. For each word that has a

prefix, try to decide what the prefix means. Refer back to the table if you need

help.

Floppy disks are inexpensive and reuseable.

If a printer malfunctions, you should check the interface cable.

The multiplexor was not working because someone had disconnected it by

mistake.

Improper installation of the antiglare shield will make it impossible to read

what is on the screen.

After you transfer text using the 'cut and paste' feature, you may have to

reformat the text you have inserted.

You can maximize your chances of finding a job if you are bilingual or even

trilingual.

r

7 Peripheral devices can be either input devices (such as keyboards) or output
devices (such as printers).

8 Your pay rise is retroactive to the beginning of June and you will receive a bi­
annual bonus.

9 The octal and hexadecimal systems are number systems used as a form of
shorthand in reading groups of four binary digits.

10 As the results are irregular, the program will have to be rewritten.

Exercise 3

Fill in the gaps with the correct prefix from the following list.

1 Most people prefer a colour screen to a

_chrome screen.

.script is a character or symbol written below and to the right of a

number or letter, often used in science.

A_____ byte equals approximately one million bytes.

Once you finish your program, you will have to test it and_ bug it to

remove all the mistakes.

5 The introduction of____ conductor technology revolutionized the computer

Industry.

6 If a computer system has two or more central processors which are under
common control, it is called a___ processor system.

7 The_____ imai system is a number system with a base of 10.

8 When the user aid the computer are in active communication on a graphics
system, we refer to this as___ active graphics.

Online services

Taski

Discuss the following questions:

1 What online services are available in your country?

2 What kind of facilities do online services provide?

Task 2

2 3

5 6

Reading

Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) in relation to the information in the text which follows. If you think a statement is false, change it to make it true.

LJ Most people choose an online service because of the price or the number of

available liies.

LJ Everybody has one service which he/she likes more than all the others. D You should judge each service according to whether it is better or worse

overall than the service you are currently using.

LJ Eventually, all services will be accessible from the service you are using. □ McGraw-Hill is owned by BIX.

LJ Tammy Ray and Jeanette Shearer think the BIX service is average. D French Minitel users have free access to an English-language version of

CompuServe, although they cannot use the e-mail facility. EH DELPHI'S Hobby Shop now has two special-interest areas: one on classic

vehicles, and one on new cars and technology.

Online Services

What's new on-line

'm frequently asked which online service is 'best', but the answer is there is no best. Rating a particular service over another is entirely

5 subjective. Price is important to some people, while the number of files available for download is important to others. Because of these and so many other different judgments, there can be

10 no absolute. It all comes down to individual needs and preferences.

Still, users tend to be fiercely loyal to their 'home' online service - which is usually the first online service they

15 ever used. They tend to judge all other online services based on this first service - often preventing themselves from seeing the advantages of a specific service. For my part, I like all

20 the services I use and I'm on two dozen.

Each offers one or more products or features that either do not exist elsewhere or are superior to the same 25 features on other services. And I've a really subjective reason for being on one service - I use it to send monthly -articles to magazines in Japan.

So, the real answer to the question

30 is simple: the best online service is the service that has what you want and is easy for you to use. The point Keep an open mind when checking out an online service. Judge it based on what

35 it offers and how it meets your needs -not in comparison to what you're used to using, (It takes a couple of sessions to shake preconceived notions' of what

an online service 'should' be.)

40 Eventually, we're all going to be interlinked, no matter which service we use, in what DIALOG'S Richard Ream calls a 'network of networks'. Until then, most of us have to go

45 to more than one service to find everything we need.

And now, the news...

TAB Book Clubs Online: You've probably seen magazine ads for The Computer Book Club and The Computer Professionals' Book Society. These are sponsored by TAB Books. This division of McGraw-Hill (BIX's parent company) is now online on

55 BIX, taking orders and answering questions from members and prospective members. The club conference is moderated by Tammy...Ray and Jeanette Shearer. You can

60 check them out by typing JOIN TAB.BOOK.CLUBS.

CompuServe

Dell Computer Forum: Dell Computer Corporation has opened a product support area on CompuServe. The Dell 65 area is part of the PC Vendor D Forum. Type GO DELL or GO PCVEND to take a look.

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