Bauman Moscow State Technical University

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Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Московский государственный технический университет им. Н. Э. Баумана
Motto	«Мужество, Воля, Труд,Упорство!» "Courage, will, labor, perseverance!"
Established
Type	Public
President	I.B. Fedorov
Rector	A.A. Alexandrov
Academic staff	3,500
Students	19,000
Postgraduates	1,000
Location	Moscow, Russia
Campus	Urban
Website	www.bmstu.ru

The Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Bauman MSTU (Russian: Московский государственный технический университет им. Н. Э. Баумана (МГТУ им. Н. Э. Баумана)), sometimes colloquially referred to as the Bauman School[1] or Baumanka (Russian: Ба́уманка) is a public technical university (Polytechnic) located in Moscow, Russia. Bauman University is the oldest and largest Russian technical university offering B.S., M.S. and PhD degrees in various engineering fields and applied sciences.

History

Russian anniversary postage stamp with the Main Building of the Bauman University,2005

Bauman University is the second oldest educational institution in Moscow after Lomonosov Moscow State University(1755). In 1763 the Russian empress Catherine II founded the Educational Imperial House. On October 5, 1826 the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna issued a decree to establish «great workshops for different crafts with bedrooms, a dining room, etc.» as a part of the Moscow Foundling Home in the German Quarter. All craft pupils were moved from the Orphanage there. July 1, 1830 Emperor Nicholas I approved «Statute of Moscow Craft School». It was inception of the first Russian technical university.

Russia's developing industry needed skilled labor in many trades. So, the aim of the new school was to train skillful artisans with a solid theoretical background to improve and spread skills in various trades all over Russia. New school was created to teach various crafts as well as basic sciences. By 1868 education became so good that MCS was reorganised into the Imperial Moscow Technical School (IMTS) under the directorship of Victor Della-Vos. The main purpose of IMTS was to «educate construction engineers, mechanical engineers and industrial technologists». IMTS achieved outstanding results in technology, chemical, food and textile industry, metal and wood treatment, and mechanical sciences.

The IMTS was financially supported by the Government and industrialists. Its management was democratic. But a key feature of the new institution was its educational system called the “Russian method”, which unifies a broad and intensive theoretical preparation with a deep practical education closely connected with industries. Under his leadership the school participated in the Universal Exposition in 1873 in Vienna and the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition of 1876, where this method won a gold prize. IMTS was recognized the best machine-building education institution of Russia and joined the ranks of the world leading polytechnic schools. A lot of outstanding scientists taught in IMTS, such as D. Mendeleev, N. Jukovsky, P. Chebychev, S. Chaplygin, A. Yershov, D. Sovetkin, F. Dmitriev, A. Letnikov, A. Gavrilenko.

In the Soviet period it was renamed Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School (BMHTS). BMHTS continued education of engineers for machine and instrument building. In 1938 new military departments were created in MHTS: tank, artillery, and ammunition. In 1948 rocket department was added.

During the first half of the 20th century, Bauman University formed and founded more than 70 technical universities in the USSR. Some of them are now well known institutions, such as Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Moscow University of Civil Engineering, Moscow Chemical Institute, Moscow Communication and Informatics University, Central Aerohydrodynamics Institute TSAGI, and the Military Academy of Aviation Engineering Joukovski.

Many Bauman University graduates are world-renowned: Sergei Korolev for the first satellite in the space and first man and woman in the space, Andrey Tupolev for the world first supersonic passenger plane, Nikolay Dollezhal for the world first civil nuclear plant, Vladimir Shukhov for the first method and the world first petrol cracking plant as well as for the first hyperboloid structures in architecture, Nikolay Zhukovsky for the foundation of aerodynamics and hydrodynamics sciences, Pavel Sukhoi for the foundation of Sukhoi Aerospace Design Bureau.

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