TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH VERBALS AND VERBAL CONSTRUCTIONS/COMPLEXES

Common English and Ukrainian non-finite forms of the verb, i.e., the infinitive and both participles, are characterized by identical functions in the sentence. Some of their lexico-grammatical mean­ings, however, are considerably broader in English than in Ukrainian and include the combined tense and aspect or tense, aspect and voice forms of the infinitive as well as of the present participle de­rived respectively from the intransitive and from transitive verbs (cf. to live - to be living, to have lived; but: to do - to be done, to be doing; doing - being done, having been done, etc.)

To render faithfully some of these lexico-grammatical mean­ings (semes) of English verbal paradigms into Ukrainian is not al­ways possible. An exception make the simple paradigms, which usu­ally have semantic and structural equivalents in both languages. For

example:

English Ukrainian
to ask —to be asked Запитувати - бути

запитаним,

working (Participle I) - працюючий, працюючи; having worked (Perfect Participle) - попрацювавши, пропрацювавши.

Translation of verbals depends not only on their structural, i.e., paradigmatic forms but also on their nature. Thus, a special approach is needed to render in Ukrainian the complexity of meanings con­tained by some paradigms of the English gerund (or to render the meanings of the Ukrainian diyepryslivnyk in English).

Consequently, the ways of rendering the meanings of verbals are predetermined by some factors which include a) the structural form of the verbal and b) the function of the verbal in the sentence,

where it may be either a single part of the sentence or a component of an extended part of the sentence.

Despite the differences in their morphological nature and lexi­cal meaning, some verbals may perform the same functions in Eng­lish sentences and in their corresponding Ukrainian syntaxemes. Hence, it is expedient to contrast the functions and meanings of Eng­lish and Ukrainian verbals in the corresponding sentences of these two languages.

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