Read and learn the following words.

dry – сухой

to dry – сушить

dry sand mold – сухая форма; форма из сухой земли

e.g. Dry sand and dry bonds are often used to produce sand molds.

Dry-sand molds are usually used when castings of high quality are necessary.

Sand molds are dried by different methods.

green (damp) sand – сырая земля

damp molding sand – сырая земля

green-sand mold – сырая форма; форма из сырой земли

damp-sand mold – сырая форма; форма из сырой земли

e.g. Damp sand is used for damp-sand molds.

e.g. Green-sand molds are widely used because of their low cost and simplicity of operation.

skin-dried mold – форма, просушенная с поверхности (соприкасающаяся с заливаемым металлом)

e.g. Skin-dried molds are used for certain types of sand castings.

e.g. Dry-sand mold, damp-sand mold, air-dried mold, skin-dried mold are types of sand molds for producing sand castings.

permeability – газопроницаемость

e.g. During ramming the permeability of green sand becomes lower.

to withdraw (withdrew, withdrawn) – удалять

e.g. The pattern is withdrawn when the sand has been properly rammed.

to cause – вызывать; производить; влиять (быть причиной)

e.g. The contact of hot metal with green-sand mold causes the forming of steam in the mold.

crack – трещина; раковина; закалочная трещина

cooling crack – трещина, возникающая при охлаждении

hot crack – трещина, возникающая при нагреве

weak – слабый

e.g. Too weak ramming causes defects in the casting.

complicated – сложный

e.g. When the casting must be large, a more complicated mold is required.

solid – твердый

solid shrinkage – усадка металла в твердом состоянии

e.g. Solid shrinkage takes place in the hot metal when it cools from solidifying temperature of the air.

quantity – сложный

e.g. For large quantity production mechanical means are used for making molds.

to assemble – собирать, монтировать

e.g. Too large molds are made and assembled on the floor.

The preparation and assembling of green sand and dry – sand molds is very much the same.

commonly – обычно.

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