V. Reported commands, requests

III. Some words and time expressions

Direct speech Reported speech

Now	Then, at the time, immediately
Today, tonight	That day, that night
Yesterday	The day before, the previous day
Two days ago	Two days before
Last month	The month before, the previous month
This, these	That, those
Tomorrow	The next/the following day
Next month	The following month
Here	There
Come	Go

IV. Reported questions

A. Special

“Where are you from?” she asked me? She asked me where I was from.

She asked me wanted to know wondered inquired

where what when how much why how old who how long

I was from. I was doing. (“What are you doing?”) I had arrived. (“When did you arrive?”) I had paid. (“How much have you paid?”) she was crying. (“Why is she crying?”) I was. (“How old are you?”) had given me that book. (“Who gave you that book?”) I had been studying English. (“How long have you been studying English”)

B. General

“Can you speak Italian?” he asked me? He asked me if (whether) I could speak Italian.

He asked me wanted to know wondered inquired

if (whether)

I could speak Italian. I was from Russia. (“Are you from Russia?”) I liked that film. (“Do you like this film?”)

V. Reported commands, requests

A. Positive “Be quiet” He ordered to be quiet. B. Negative “Don’t open the door” He told me not to open the door.

Direct speech Reported speech Direct speech Reported speech

“Be quiet”

He asked me told me ordered me advised me

to be quiet. to read this book. to buy these shoes.

“Don’t open the door”

He told me asked me ordered me

not to open the door. not to shout.

· Tenses do not change: a) the introductory verb is in the present simple, future or present perfect; b) the speaker reports sth a short time after it was said; c) the reported sentence deals with type 2 or 3 conditional

· Tenses can either change or remain the same when the speaker report general truth, a law of nature or permanent state

VI. Introductory verbs

+ to-infinitive agree · claim · demand offer · promise refuse · threaten	“Yes, I’ll drive you home.”	He agreed to drive me home
+ sb + to-infinitive advise ask beg command encourage forbid invite order remind warn	“You should eat less junk food”	He advised me to eat less junk food.
+ -ing form accuse sb of · admit (to) apologise for · boast about/of · complain (to sb) of · deny · insist on · suggest	“You stole my watch.”	He accused him of stealing/having stolen his watch.
+ that-clause explain inform sb + the verbs marked with an asterisk (*)	“I like his latest film because it is exciting.”	She explained thatshe liked his …

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