The Russian Federation

Books in Our Life

We cannot imagine our life without books. They play a very important part in our life. There is practically no family that does not have books. Books are our friends. We meet them when we are very small and cannot read, but we remember the pictures from them, we remember our mothers read them for us. We learn very much from books.

Books educate people in different spheres of life. They develop our imagination, make us think and analyze. They help to form our character and the world outlook. Books help us in self-education and in deciding problems of life. They make our life more interesting.

People read both for knowledge and for pleasure. Different people read different books. Textbooks, scientific articles and some books on history or about the nature are read for information. They help us with our lessons and work. We read serious books which help us understand the life, give us answers to the questions which worry us, they make us think. These are historical novels, books by the classics, books about the events that happen in real life, etc.

Many people enjoy so-called “easy reading” – detectives, amusing humorous stories, fantastics. Unfortunately, there are books that make unhappy reading. But so many people, so many tastes.

Вариант 2.

1. Задайте все виды вопросов к данному предложению:

We were at the cinema last weekend.

2. Поставьте глаголы в нужное время и переведите предложения:

1) I (to hate) my teachers when I was at school.

2) They (to live) in this house very long.

3) Tom (to be) a good student.

4) We (to eat) bad apples last dinner.

5) Kate (to be) born in France.

3.Заполните пропуски предлогами там, где необходимо:

1) Take your pen … the table.

2) Please, go … the blackboard.

3) She cooks dinner … 2 o’clock.

4) My parents live … Moscow.

4.Заполните пропуски, выбрав нужную форму глагола to be:

1) There … a large table in my room.

2) There … 3 windows in my classroom.

3) How many chairs … there round the table? There … four.

4) There …n’t any school on this street.

5) …there many theatres in Krasnoyarsk?

5.Вставьте необходимый модальный глагол и переведите предложения:

1) I … not go to the theatre with them.

2) I … repeat the grammar rules and words.

3) All of us … be in time for classes.

4) …you speak English well?

6.Выберите правильное наречие:

1) Your father smokes too (much, many)

2) He speaks (much, many) but works (few, little).

3) (Many, much) pupils have got good marks and any (few, little) boys have bad marks.

7.Переведите на английский язык:

1) Я не могу идти с тобой в магазин, у меня много работы.

2) У тебя есть телефон? – Да, можешь позвонить мне.

3) У него нет детей.

4) Том умеет плавать? – Нет.

5) Можно закурить? – Нет, нельзя, в комнате женщины.

8.Переведите письменно следующий текст и ответьте на вопрос: what kind of sport do you go in for?

Sports in our life

Sports play a very important part in our life. It helps people to keep fit, to be healthy and strong. Not all people go in for sport. But many people swim, play different games, ski or skate just for pleasure. Other people like to watch sports games or competitions at the stadiums or on TV, listen to sports news or read about them in newspapers. Many people do exercises in the morning or run.

Physical Education is one of the school subjects. At P.E. lessons children play volleyball, basketball, football or other sports games. They go in for running, jumping, swimming and so on. Different competitions are often held at schools where schoolchildren try to get good results and win.

But many people go in for this or that sport. They regularly attend sports clubs, take part in various competitions and championships. Many sports are popular in Russia: football, basketball, volleyball, hockey, gymnastics, boxing, swimming, wrestling, fencing, different kinds of athletics, etc.

There are different sports clubs and societies in Russia: Spartak, Army Club, Dynamo and others. Russian athletes take part in European and world championships in different kinds of sports and they have set many records in them. Russian athletes also take part in the Olympic Games and always win gold, silver and bronze medals. Who does not know the names of Latinina, Rodnina, Yashin, Tretyak, Smetanina and many, many other famous sportsmen?

Вариант 3

1. Задайте все возможные вопросы к данному предложению:

They have a very interesting party today.

2. Поставьте глаголы в нужное время и переведите предложения:

1) I (to play) the guitar when I (to be) a child.

2) We (to be) happy to see John.

3) Mary always (to do) a lot of mistakes in her tests.

4) Jack (to be) very talented, he (to write) very interesting stories.

3.Заполните пропуски предлогами там, где необходимо:

1) He goes … school every day.

2) I like tea … lemon.

3) My mother gets … early… morning.

4) They met the delegation … the station.

4. Заполните пропуски, выбрав нужную форму глагола to be:

1) There … many children in this family.

2) There … a cinema in this street.

3) There …n’t many dishes in the kitchen.

4) … there some bread on the plate?

5) There … only one room in our flat.

5.Вставьте необходимый модальный глагол и переведите предложения:

1) I … go to the library after lessons.

2) Pete …not go to the theatre with them.

3) You… never be late.

4) He …take my car.

6. Выберите правильное наречие:

1) My sister works (much, many) every day.

2) They read (much, many) English books at the lesson.

3) We read (much, many), but write (little, few) in class.

4) There is (little, few) butter on the table.

7. Переведите на английский язык:

1) Мы не можем купить новую машину, у нас нет денег.

2) У тебя есть хорошие диски? – Да, можешь взять их.

3) У моей сестры нет собственной квартиры.

4) Она может помочь ему с английским? – Да.

5) Моя бабушка очень любит жареную картошку.

8.Переведите письменно текст и ответьте на вопрос: what kind of travelling do you prefer?

Travelling

Modern life is impossible without travelling. Who do people travel? Many people travel on business, many people travel for pleasure. They travel to other cities and regions to visit their relatives and friends and to see interesting places or to visit some famous museums and historical monuments. Many people go abroad to spend their holidays there. For some people traveling is their profession, for example, for drivers, pilots, sailors, stewardesses.

There are many means of travelling nowadays. We can travel by train, by plane, by sea or by car. Many people like travelling on foot. Each of these kinds of travelling has its advantages and disadvantages and everybody chooses the way of travelling which seems the most comfortable, safe and interesting for him.

Those, who prefer speed and comfort, travel by plane. But there some disadvantages in this kind of travelling. Some people can get airsick. The flights can sometimes be delayed due to the weather. Besides, the tickets are rather expensive.

Travelling by train is not so fast as travelling by plane, it gives you the opportunity to watch beautiful sights from the windows of the carriages, to read your favourite book or just to rest.

Many people like to travel by sea. It is a very comfortable kind of travelling. But some people can get the seasick during the voyage, especially when the sea is rough. Besides, some cannot stand seeing nothing from the portholes but water.

Travelling by car is rather popular nowadays too. Some people say, there is nothing better than travelling by car. You can drive as slowly or as fast as you wish. You can stop at any place and enjoy the picturesque views or visit some museum or historical monument. You do not have to carry heavy things. You can swim in the river or lake and have lunch on the grass under the trees. But sometimes the roads are not good enough and it is not pleasant to ride on them. Besides, it is rather tiring to drive a car for a long time if you do not have anyone to relieve you on the wheel.

Many people like travelling on foot. They go on hikes. Though you cannot travel far on foot, and it is the slowest kind of travelling, it is very interesting and useful. You enjoy absolute freedom. You are active all the time and you are close to Nature.

Вариант 4.

1. Задайте все возможные вопросы к данному предложению:

I was at the theatre yesterday.

2. Поставьте глаголы в нужном времени и переведите предложения:

1) My brother (to work) at the factory two years ago.

2) Helen (to like) to read detective stories.

3) Tom (to study) French at school.

4) We (to be) very tired.

5) His wife (to be) in Spain last month.

3. Заполните пропуски предлогами там, где необходимо:

1) I see him … school every day.

2) Usually I go … cinema … Sunday.

3) I like to play … tennis.

4) My friends live … Moscow.

4. Заполните пропуски, выбрав нужную форму глагола to be:

1) There … many French books in the library.

2) There … some milk in the bottle.

3) What … there on the play.

4) There …n’t any metro in our city.

5) … there a cinema on this street?

5. Вставьте необходимый модальный глагол и переведите предложения:

1) Bill … speak French and Italian.

2) You … go to dancing with your friends.

3) I haven’t got Kate’s phone number, I …n’t phone her.

4) All children … go to school.

6. Выберите правильное наречие:

1) My little son knows (A little, a few) English words.

2) If you think (a little, a few), you‘ll remember the rule.

3) My father works (much, many).

4) Please, say (a little, a few) words in German.

7. Переведите предложения на английский язык:

1) Я не могу помочь тебе, я занят.

2) У тебя есть ручка? – Да. Можешь взять ее.

3) Обычно я всегда делаю утреннюю гимнастику.

4) Твоя сестра умеет варить кофе?- Нет, но она может печь вкусный торт.

5) У моей сестры нет собственного автомобиля.

8. Переведите письменно текст и ответьте на вопрос: what is the main idea of this text?

Libraries

People cannot live without books. Reading plays a very important part in our life. We need books in our everyday life. We read books when we study, we need books when we work, we read books just for pleasure. Reading books and collecting books is a hobby for many people.

If we want this or that book we buy it, take it from our friends or go to the library where we can take it or read at the reading-hall. Libraries are very important in our life. There are libraries at every big or small town, in every village or some other settlement. In every library you can see long shelves full of books by different writers, magazines and newspapers. The librarian will always help you to choose the book to read and advise you what book to take.

There are different libraries nowadays. Some of them are very large, some not, some are for specialists n different spheres only, some are for the scientific reading. There are libraries of foreign literature (for example the Foreign Literature Library in Moscow).

But there are libraries famous all over the world. Such is the State Public Library in Moscow. It is Russian biggest collection of books and manuscripts. In Washington there is the Library of Congress.

According to the law, a copy of every book, magazine or newspaper, issued in America, should be kept there. Who has not heard about the famous Library of the British museum in London? It is the biggest and the most famous library in Great Britain.

Though it is possible to buy almost any book you like nowadays and almost all families have got their own home libraries, public libraries are very popular, as only there you can take or read some unique books, the books-contemporaries of their authors. As long as people read, they will always visit libraries.

Вариант 5

1.Задайте все виды вопросов к данному предложению:

Krasnoyarsk is situated in the Eastern Siberia.

2.Поставьте глаголы в нужное время и переведите предложения:

1) Mike (to be) for the lessons yesterday. 2) The students (to be) busy today. 3) Always I (to go) to bed very late. 4) My uncle (to buy) a car last month. 5) I (not to meet) him yesterday. 6) I (to help) my mother tomorrow.

3.Заполните пропуски предлогами там, где необходимо:

1) My granny lives … town.

2) They are not …home.

3) Put the books … your bag.

4) Look … the blackboard.

4.Заполните пропуски, выбрав нужную форму глагола to be:

1) There … a lamp on the desk.

2) There … many flowers on the window.

3) …there any garage near the house? – No, there …n’t any.

4) There … one girl and four boys in the classroom.

5) …there much snow in the street? – Yes, there … a lot of snow everywhere.

5.Вставьте необходимый модальный глагол и переведите предложения:

1) I … get up early on Monday.

2) You … speak English,… n’t you?

3)… your father drive a car? Yes, he …

4)You … never be late.

6.Выберите правильное наречие:

1) My little son knows (a little, a few) English words.

2) I read (much, many) English books.

3) If you think (a little, a few), you’ll remember the rule.

4) My sister works (much, many).

7.Переведите на английский язык:

1) У тебя есть дома какие-нибудь фильмы? – Да. Можешь взять посмотреть.

2) У меня нет денег, поэтому я не могу пойти в кафе.

3) Твой брат умеет водить машину? – Да. У него есть права (a driving license).

4) Я умею готовить пиццу.(pizza).

5). У нее нет друзей.

8.Переведите письменно текст и ответьте на вопрос: where is the Russian Federation situated?

The Russian Federation

The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It is situated in the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia and occupies the territory of about 17 million square kilometers. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the West and the Pacific Ocean in the East. It is also washed by 12 seas: the White Sea, the Laptevs’ Sea, the Barents Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, etc. Russia borders on many countries: Finland, Norway, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, the Ukraine, Belorussia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, China, Mongolia, etc.

On the vast territory of the Russian Federation you can find forests, steppes, lowlands and highlands, mountains and valleys. The mountain chains are the Altai, the Caucasus, the Urals (the natural border between the European and the Asian parts of Russia). Russia is rich in big and small rivers and beautiful lakes. The Volga river which flows into the Caspian Sea is the longest river in Europe. Other rivers are the Don, the Enisey, the Ob, the Lena, the Amur. Most of the river are suitable for navigation, many rivers produce electric power. The famous Russian lake Baikal is considered the deepest and the most beautiful lake in the world. Thousands of tourists visiting Russia try to visit the lake, to see the picturesque scenery around it, to taste the fish from the lake.

Covering such a large territory Russia certainly has different types of climate in different parts. It varies from arctic in the North to subtropical in the South. Russia is rich in natural resources. It has deposits of natural gas, coal, oil, iron ores, gold, nickel, silver, etc.

The population of Russia is about 145 mln people. The capital of Russia is Moscow. According to the Constitution, Russia is a Presidential Republic. The Head of the state is the President. The Federal government consists of 3 branches: legislative, executive and judicial. Each of them is checked and balanced by the President. The legislative power is represented by the Federal Assembly which consists of 2 chambers – the Council of Federation and the State Duma. The executive power belongs to the Government with the Prime Minister at the head. The judicial branch is represented by the Constitutional Court.

The state symbol of Russia is a 3-coloured banner. It has 3 horizontal stripes on it: white, blue and red. Russia has a mixed economy. The production is controlled by both the government and private producers, though the share of private production is rather small yet.

Вариант 6

1. Задайте все виды вопросов к данному предложению:

My grandparents live in Rostov-on-Don.

2. Поставьте глаголы в нужное время и переведите предложения:

1) I (to hate) my teachers when I was at school.

2) They (to live) in this house very long.

3) Tom (to be) a good student.

4) We (to eat) bad apples last dinner.

5) Kate (to be) born in France.

3.Заполните пропуски предлогами там, где необходимо:

1) Take your pen … the table.

2) Please, go … the blackboard.

3) She cooks dinner … 2 o’clock.

4) My parents live … Moscow.

4.Заполните пропуски, выбрав нужную форму глагола to be:

1) There … a large table in my room.

2) There … 3 windows in my classroom.

3) How many chairs … there round the table? There … four.

4) There …n’t any school on this street.

5) …there many theatres in Krasnoyarsk?

5. Вставьте необходимый модальный глагол и переведите предложения:

1) I … not go to the theatre with them.

2) I … repeat the grammar rules and words.

3) All of us … be in time for classes.

4) …you speak English well?

6. Выберите правильное наречие:

1) Your father smokes too (much, many)

2) He speaks (much, many) but works (few, little).

3) (Many, much) pupils have got good marks and any (few, little) boys have bad marks.

7. Переведите на английский язык:

1) Я не могу идти с тобой в магазин, у меня много работы.

2) У тебя есть телефон? – Да, можешь позвонить мне.

3) У него нет детей.

4) Том умеет плавать? – Нет.

5) Можно закурить? – Нет, нельзя, в комнате женщины.

8.Переведите письменно текст и ответьте на вопрос: what are your favourite places of interest in Moscow?

Moscow

Moscow is the capital of Russia. Moscow was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgorukiy in 1147 on the bank of Moskva river where it is joined by the Neglinka. The history of Moscow as the centre of Russia is closely connected with the history of the country. Many times Moscow suffered from various invaders – the Tatars in the 13^th century, two Napoleon’s occupation in the 19^th century, two World wars in the 20^th century.

In the 15^th century under Ivan the Third Moscow became the capital of Russia. In 1712 Peter the Great moved the capital to St.Petersburg. but Moscow remained the center of Russian life. In 1918 after the Revolution Moscow became the capital again.

Now Moscow is the political, economic, commercial and cultural center of Russia and one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It occupies the territory of about 900 square kilometers. More than 10 million people life in Moscow.

There are a lot of ancient palaces and churches, monuments and beautiful buildings, squares and streets in Moscow. Thousands of tourists come to Moscow every day to see Red Square with its monuments, the Kremlin, to visit the Tretyakov Gallery, the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, to listen to some opera or to watch a ballet at the Bolshoy Theatre, to visit St.Basil’s Cathedral, to see old mansions, beautiful squares and streets of Moscow.

Moscow is an educational center of Russia. There are many schools, institutes and universities in Moscow. The State Moscow University is one of the oldest and the biggest educational institutions in Russia. It was founded in 1755 by the great Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov.

Moscow is a transport center of Russia. It has 9 railway stations, 5 airports and besides, Moscow is a port of 5 seas. Moscow is the center of political life in Russia. The President and the Federal Government work in Moscow.

Вариант 7

1. Задайте все возможные вопросы к данному предложению:

They have a very interesting party today.

2. Поставьте глаголы в нужное время и переведите предложения:

1) I (to play) the guitar when I (to be) a child.

2) We (to be) happy to see John.

3) Mary always (to do) a lot of mistakes in her tests.

4) Jack (to be) very talented, he (to write) very interesting stories.

3. Заполните пропуски предлогами там, где необходимо:

1) He goes … school every day.

2) I like tea … lemon.

3) My mother gets … early … morning.

4) They met the delegation … the station.

4. Заполните пропуски, выбрав нужную форму глагола to be:

1) There … many children in this family.

2) There … a cinema in this street.

3) There …n’t many dishes in the kitchen.

4) … there some bread on the plate?

5) There … only one room in our flat.

5. Вставьте необходимый модальный глагол и переведите предложения:

1) I … go to the library after lessons.

2) Pete …not go to the theatre with them.

3) You… never be late.

4) He … take my car.

6. Выберите правильное наречие:

1) My sister works (much, many) every day.

2) They read (much, many) English books at the lesson.

3) We read (much, many), but write (little, few) in class.

4) There is (little, few) butter on the table.

7. Переведите на английский язык:

1) Он не может купить новый компьютер, у него нет денег.

2) У тебя есть хорошие диски? – Да, можешь взять их.

3) У моей сестры нет собственной квартиры.

4) Она может помочь ему с английским? – Да.

5) Моя бабушка очень любит овощной салат.

8. Переведите письменно текст и ответьте на вопрос: what is your favourite holiday and why?

Holidays in Russia

Russia, as any other country in the world has its national and religious holidays. Some of them are very popular with the people. The main Russian national holidays are Victory Day, Independence Day, New Year’s Day, Women’s Day and May Day. On these days Russian people don’t work, children don’t go to school. There are some renewed holidays in our country now which had been forgotten for many years. These are religious holidays Christmas, Easter and some others.

The year begins with one of most beautiful and loved by both children and adults holidays- New Year. According to the tradition there is a New Year tree decorated with bright toys, coloured lights and sweets almost in every home. On the 31^st of December when the chimes on the Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin strike twelve, Russian people greet the New Year with holiday toasts and champagne, wish each other Happy New Year and give each other presents. Father Frost with his bag of presents comes to many Russian families on this day and it’s a special fun for the children. Christmas, the birthday of Jesus Christ, is celebrated on the 7^th of January in Russia. On this day as well as on Easter which is celebrated in April or May, people go to church services, have parties at home, visit their relatives and friends. On the 8^th of March we celebrate Women’s Day. Men try to do their best to make women happy – they do all things about the house, cook, give them flowers and presents.

Independence Day, which is quite a new Russian holiday, is dedicated to the victory of the democrats and the election of the first President of Russia on June 12, 1992.

But there is a date in the life of our country, which is memorable to every Russian citizen and is the most significant day in our life. It’s the 9^th of May – Victory Day. This holiday is celebrated to commemorate the great victory of the Soviet Army over the Germany fascists in the Great Patriotic war. The price of that victory was very high. Millions of Russian people gave their lives for peace and freedom. On the 9^th of May war-veterans meet in Gorky park, in the park in front of the Bolshoy Theatre, at the Memorial on Poklonnaya Gora. The veterans lay flowers and wreaths on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. They honour the memories of those who will never come back from battle-fields. Concerts, meetings and parties are organized for the war-veterans. In the evening people can enjoy holiday salute and fireworks.

Вариант 8.

1.Задайте все возможные вопросы к данному предложению:

There are many remarkable dates in the history of Russia.

2. Поставьте глаголы в нужном времени и переведите предложения:

1) My father (to work) at the factory two years ago.

2) Olga (to like) to read detective stories.

3) Tom (to study) French at school.

4) We (to be) very tired.

5) His wife (to be) in Spain last month.

3. Заполните пропуски предлогами там, где необходимо:

1) I see him … school every day.

2) Usually I go … cinema … Sunday.

3) I like to play … tennis.

4) My friends live … Moscow.

4. Заполните пропуски, выбрав нужную форму глагола to be:

1) There … many French books in the library.

2) There … some milk in the bottle.

3) What … there on the play.

4) There …n’t any metro in our city.

5) … there a cinema on this street?

5. Вставьте необходимый модальный глагол и переведите предложения:

1) Bill …speak French and Italian.

2) You … go to dancing with your friends.

3) I haven’t got Kate’s phone number, I …n’t phone her.

4) All children … go to school.

6. Выберите правильное наречие:

1) My little son knows (a little, a few) English words.

2) If you think (a little, a few), you‘ll remember the rule.

3) My father works (much, many).

4) Please, say (a little, a few) words in German.

7. Переведите предложения на английский язык:

1) Я не могу помочь тебе, я занят.

2) У тебя есть ручка? – Да. Можешь взять ее.

3) Обычно я всегда делаю утреннюю гимнастику.

4) Твоя сестра умеет варить кофе? – Нет, но она может печь чудесные пирожки.

5) У моей сестры нет собственного автомобиля.

8. Переведите письменно текст и ответьте на вопрос: what is the main idea of the text?

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