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КАТЕГОРИИ:






Linear, Flexible, Cyclic(al) Time




Most studies of time in cross-cultural research follow Edward T. Hall’s analysis in The Silent Language, The Hidden Dimension that divides cultures into two major ways of understanding time: those that view time linearly— monochronic cultures —and those that view time more flexibly— polychronic cultures. Both approaches, albeit in different ways, see time as being controlled by human beings. In other words, both approaches share the belief that human beings can manage and control time.

But there are cultures that seem to disagree with the fundamental concept of human control over time. As Lewis points out, these cultures have another approach to the whole question of time, an approach that posits that it is not the human being that controls time but the cycle of life itself that controls people and human activity. These cultures, which Lewis calls cyclical, hold the position that human beings must live in harmony with nature because they are subservient to cyclical events.

This approach seems to be a richer interpretation of the time/culture dynamic. Let's examine each approach in turn: cultures that follow linear (monochronic) time and perform one major activity at a time; cultures that are flexible (polychronic) and that work on several activities simultaneously; and cultures that view time as cyclical (circular, repetitive) and that allow events to unfold naturally.

Linear time

 

If you want your dreams to come true, don’t oversleep. (Yiddish proverb)

Stay a while, lose a mile. (Dutch proverb)

Cultures that have a linear concept of time view time as a precious commodity to be used, not wasted. They prefer to concentrate on one thing at a time and work sequentially within a clock-regulated timeframe; this appears to them to be an efficient, impartial, and precise way of organizing life—especially business. Anglo-Saxon, Germanic, and Scandinavian peoples generally live and work by a linear clock, measure time in small units, value schedules, and focus on the future.

 






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