ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗАНЯТИЕ 19

Электрические цепи

Circuits

Теоретическая часть

Данный лексический материал предназначен для того, чтобы студенты научились читать и понимать узкоспециальные тексты, а также вести диалог на иностранном языке с другими специалистами.

Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:

circuit цепь, сеть

signal processing обработка сигнала

predefined определенный заранее

potential difference разность потенциалов

amplification усиление

oscillation колебание

subtraction вычитание

to take into account принимать во внимание

circuit breaker ключ

transformer трансформатор

to predict предсказывать

by hand вручную

linear линейный

non-linear нелинейный

to treat обращаться

equation уравнение

simultaneous одновременный

heterodyning гетеродинный

Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Circuits

An electrical network or electrical circuit is an interconnection of analog electrical elements such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, diodes, switches and transistors. It can be as small as an integrated circuit on a silicon chip, or as large as an electricity distribution network.

A circuit is a network that has a closed loop i.e. a return path. A network is a connection of 2 or more simple circuit elements, and may not be a circuit.

The goal when designing electrical networks for signal processing is to apply a predefined operation on potential differences (measured in volts), or currents (measured in amperes). Typical functions for these electrical networks are amplification, oscillation and analog linear algorithmic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, differentiation and integration.

In the case of power distribution networks, engineers design the circuit to transport the energy as efficiently as possible while at the same time taking into account economic factors, network safety and redundancy. These networks use components such as power lines, cables, circuit breakers, switches and transformers.

To design any electrical circuits, electrical engineers need to be able to predict the voltages and currents in the circuit. Linear circuits can be analyzed to a certain extent: by hand because complex number theory gives engineers the ability to treat all linear elements using a single mathematical representation.

Other more complex laws may be needed if the network contains nonlinear or reactive components. Non-linear self-regenerative heterodyning systems can be approximated. Applying these laws results in a set of simultaneous equations that can be solved either by hand or by a computer.

Задание 3. Задайте все типы вопросов к данному предложению:

Linear circuits can be analyzed to a certain extent by hand because complex number theory gives engineers the ability to treat all linear elements using a single mathematical representation.

Задание 4. Составьте предложения со следующими словами и словосочетаниями:

An electricity distribution network, as efficiently as possible, to be able to, to a certain extent, to result in, a set of.

[ Литература: 1-4 ]

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