Present Indefinite Passive

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ 3

Чтобы правильно выполнить задание 3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1.Граматические функции и значения слов that, one, it.

2.Пассивный залог (The Passive Voice) видовременных форм Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.

3.Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do.

4.Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив в функции а) подлежащего, б) составной части сказуемого, в) определения, г) обстоятельства цели.

5.Бессоюзное подчинение в определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложениях.

Используйте образцы выполнения упражнений.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 1 (К УПР. I)

Present Perfect Passive

Present Indefinite Passive

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 2 (К УПР. II)

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 3 (К УПР. IV)

ВАРИАНТ 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола сказуемого (см.образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. When much material had been looked through and some problems had been solved, the article was published.

2. Electric cars will be widely used in future.

3. Today plastics are being applied for car bodies (корпус автомобиля).

4. This lecture is listened to with the great interest.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их нa русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it, one, that.

1. It is proved that light needs time to travel any distance.

2. One must take part in scientific work.

3. Specialists consider that in future city transport will reject gasoline.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. You have to listen to records to improve your pronunciation.

2. This material does not possess elastic properties.

3. Scientists had to create new material for the industry.

4. The exam was to start in the morning.

IV. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. We know electricity produces heat.

2. The new materials the chemists developed were used in the space technology.

V. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. It is necessary for the specialist to know a foreign language.

2. The Russian scientists were the first to construct and launch the space rocket.

3. Our idea was to design a new device for automatic control.

4. To increase the productivity of labour one must use the methods we have just described.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 6-oй абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, и 6-ой абзацы. Письменно ответьте на вопрос после текста.

Advertising

1. Advertising is a message to promote a product, a service, or an idea. The purpose of most advertising is to sell products or services. Advertising plays a key role in the competition among business for the consumer’s money. In many businesses, the role of sales depends largely on the amount of advertising done.

2. Manufacturers advertise to persuade people to buy their products. Large firms also use advertising to create a favorable image of their company. The company can advertise in many ways depending on how much it wishes to spend, and the size and the type of the target audience. If the company wants to enter the market or launch a new product, it often starts an advertising campaign.

3. Such campaigns are usually very successful because people learn about new product or service.

4. There are different advertising: newspapers, television, direct mail, radio, magazines, outdoor signs and other ways.

5. Television is the chief medium used by advertisers. In the USA 100 largest advertisers spend on average 75 per cent of their advertising budgets on television. Food companies spend about 80 per cent on television, and candy, snack, and soft drink companies spend about 85per cent.

6. Advertising on TV is often criticized. People don’t like it when programs are interrupted every fifteen minutes. In Russia TV advertising generates $300 million a year. Of course, advertising revenues are important, but there are international norms which recommend advertisement breaks every 45 minutes. These days outdoor advertising is popular in Moscow. Many people think it makes the city more beautiful. It is especially widely used by car manufactures, clothing and telecommunications companies. Such advertising attracts wide audience and is cost-effective.

Vocabulary

advertising – реклама

message – послание

target audience – целевая аудитория

to launch – запускать (завод, продукт)

advertising campaign – рекламная кампания

revenues – доходы

outdoor advertising – наружная реклама

Question

Why do large firms and companies use advertising?

ВАРИАНТ 2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола сказуемого (см.образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. When much had been done in the study of ecology by our university it became an important scientific center.

2. The new way of promoting goods is offered by the Marketing Department.

3. The research of the planets will be developed with the help of cosmic apparatus.

4. This material is unaffected by solar radiation.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их не русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it, one, that.

1. It is necessary to find new sources of cheap energy.

2. It was Einstein who came to the conclusion that electromagnetic field is influenced by the gravitational field.

3. This metro station was opened last year, and that one will be put into operation in two years.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. Man had to learn to obtain electric power directly from the Sun.

2. At present most of the industrial enterprises have their own electric power stations.

3. Specialists do not use solar cells in industry as they are too expensive.

4. The engineers are to study the problem of using cosmic rays.

IV. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. The methods we have just described are very effective.

2. The instruments our plant produces help to automate production processes.

V. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. The teacher told the students to learn the poem by heart.

2. This student was the first to read the text.

3. To translate the sentence is to discover its meaning.

4. We are working hard to improve our English.

VI..Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 5-ый абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 5-ый абзацы. Письменно ответьте на вопрос после текста.

Franchising

1.Franchising means granting a formal right to the manufacture, wholesaler or retailer to produce or to sell the company’s goods or services in a special area for a special period of time. This way of doing business is widely used in the market economy. 40% of all sales in the USA go through franchising which makes $1 billion as annual volume of sales. These figures are presented by International Franchising Association. Franchising in Great Britain is supported by government.

2.The banks give loans to businessmen, and the government guarantees 80% of the loan. Purchase of a franchise is the simple way of starting business. Reliable scheme of doing business, a promoted band, product of a high quality – all these things increase chances of a beginning businessman for success. For a stable economy it is a good way of expanding markets. These are great advantages of franchising.

3.According to Russian Franchising Association the number of franchises in Russia does not exceed two dozen. In other words, it is not developed in our country.

4.History of franchising in Russia dates back to 1993, when Baskin Robbins sold the first franchise in our country. Later, some Russian franchises were sold, among them a chain of shoe stores “Ekonika”, fast food “Rostics”, “Teremok”, TNK filling station. But still we can’t say that franchising is highly developed in Russia. Legal, administrative and financial problems are in the way of its development.

5.Our laws don’t operate the notion “franchising”. One of the main things in the process of selling franchise is transfer of a brand name. According to Russian laws, brand name can’t be transferred. Another serious problem is the responsibility of subsidiary company. For example, if franchisee in Siberia violates standards of franchisor in Moscow, the consumer has a right to make a claim against low quality of goods or services. Open joint-stock companies TNK which sells franchises for setting up filling stations, has special departments in the areas where its franchises operate. In order to develop this kind of business laws on franchising should be passed. Nowadays many officials in Russia don’t know what franchising is.

Vocabulary

franchise – франшиза – лицензия, выдаваемая производителю, сбытовику, торговцу, которая позволяет производить или продавать товар или услуги компании, используя торговую марку компании.

franchisee – франчайзи (покупатель лицензии)

franchisor – франчайзер (продавец лицензии

wholesaler – оптовый торговец

promoted – здесь: раскрученный

transfer – передача

subsidiary company – дочерняя компания

claim – претензия

open joint-stock company – открытое акционерное общество

Question

What are the problems of developing franchising in Russia?

ВАРИАНТ 3

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола сказуемого (см.образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The radar has been used for the automatic control of ground transport.

2. The construction of the dam has been completed this month.

3. Today plastics are being widely used instead of metals.

4. The alloys were experimented upon in the lab.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их не русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it, one, that.

1. It is the number of electrons within the atom that determines the properties of a substance.

2. The territory of Moscow is larger than that of London.

3. In London one must get used to the left-side traffic.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. Some substances do not conduct heat.

2. Our plant is to increase the output of consumer goods.

3. Soon our industry will have new and cheap sources of energy.

4. These computers will have to perform millions of operations per second.

IV. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. The hostel our students live in is situated not far from the metro station.

2. I think he has made a mistake in his calculations.

V. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. They promised to supply us with the necessary equipment.

2. The purpose of this book is to describe certain properties of the metals.

3. The experiment to be carried out is of great importance for our research.

4. To convert chemical energy into electrical energy we must use an electrical cell.

VI..Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 6-ой абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3, и 6-ой абзацы. Письменно ответьте на вопрос после текста.

Banking

1.There are several ways in which consumers and businesses can use their savings or idle funds. They can deposit them in the commercial bank, they can take them to savings bank or to a saving and loan association, or they can buy stocks and bonds.

2.They can also keep excess funds completely idle by holding their cash in a safe place.

3.Since there is competition for savings, the bank must offer an attractive rate of interest. The higher the rate, the less likely it will be that savers will bring funds to the bank because people will prefer a more profitable way to save. Besides being saving institutions, banks serve another vital function. They act as a market for money.

4.People and business in need of money are willing to pay for the use of it. Banks provide facilities for the movement of money. Businessmen borrow to expand their factories or stores, to increase their inventories and to buy machinery. They expand in the expectation that they will increase their profits. Businessmen must consider interest on loans as an added expense of any expansion.

5.Businessmen and consumers may postpone actions that require borrowed money when in their opinion the interest rate is too high.

6.There is another side to the bank’s role in the economy. Since the prosperity of the bank is tied directly to the prosperity of the community in which it does business, bankers usually take an active interest in local development efforts to bring new industry to the area. They help and advise businessmen who are interested in setting up the biggest buyers of local government bonds. By buying these bonds they lend money for local improvements that will make their community a better place to live and to do business.

Vocabulary

savings – сбережения

idle – незанятый, бездействующий

loan – заем

stocks – акции

bond – облигация

rate of interest – процент (ссудный)

profit - доход

inventories – материальные запасы

Question

What are the ways in which consumers and businesses can use their savings or idle funds?

ВАРИАНТ 4

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола сказуемого (см.образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The automatic equipment is being installed in our shop.

2. Radioactive isotopes have been made in nuclear reactor.

3. The construction of this house will be completed in a month.

4. The engineer was asked about the new technology used at the plant.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их не русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it, one, that.

1. The success in the chemistry made it possible to obtain a lot of new materials.

2. One must apply the material that can be machined easily.

3. It is the energy of falling water that is used to drive turbines.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. The operators dealing with radioisotopes must have protective suits.

2. The engineers are to study the problem of using solar energy.

3. The chemical industry is one of the leading branched of our national economy.

4. He has finished his work at this book.

IV. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. I think the drawing will be ready by tomorrow.

2. Every substance a man comes in contact with consists of molecules.

V.Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. To design a new building is the work of an architect.

2. To measure volumes we must know the dimensions of a body.

3. Our plant was the first to install the automatic equipment.

VI..Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 7-ой абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3 и 7-ой абзацы. Письменно ответьте на вопрос после текста.

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