A four-year-old boy has died in a house fire, police have said. 4 страница

15 Hungry Eleri Nicholas was about to tuck into a bowl of Tesco salad — when a locust crawled out.

Housewife Eleri, 26, screamed as the four-inch insect crept out of the salad leaves and looked up at her.

Horrified Eleri said: ’It was grey and horrible — like something from a horror movie’. Consumer watchdogs were yesterday investigating the creepy-crawly which popped out from a ready-to-serve bag of Italian salad.

Eleri had eaten half of the salad the previous night — and was about to finish it off when the plant- eating insect suddenly appeared.

16 FEARS FOR the future of MyTravel heightened yesterday after it emerged that Alistair Darling, the Transport Secretary, has held a series of meetings with the Civil Aviation Authority about the troubled tour operator. The Department for ………………….

A Minister holds talks with CAA about troubles at MyTravel

В NUT pledges to boycott national tests

C SBS team’s tank ordeal

D FA sends for the man from Mars

E BA slashes seat prices as first-class cabin empties

F How Brits get their kinky kicks

G IDS reprieved at polls

H 4in locust in Tesco salad

TASK 4

Read the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22). There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

CATCHING A COLD

Many people catch a cold in the springtime and/or fall. It makes us wonder... if scientists can send a man to the moon, why can’t they find a cure for the common cold. The answer is easy. There are literally hundreds of kinds cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn’t (17) ________________.

When (18) ____________________, your body works hard to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and brings congestion with it. You feel terrible because (19) ____________________, but your body is actually «eating» the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a runny nose to stop the virus from getting to your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can (20) ____________________.

Different people have different remedies for colds. In the United States and some other countries, (21) ____________________, people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people take hot baths and drink warm liquids. Other people take medicines to stop the fever, congestion, and runny nose.

There is one interesting thing to note- some scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer because your body doesn’t have a way to fight it and kill it. Bodies can do (22) ____________________. There is a joke, however, on taking medicine when you have a cold. It goes like this:

If takes about 1 week to get over a cold if you don’t take medicine, but only 7 days to get over a cold if you take medicine.

A to kill the cold

В a virus attacks your body

C a cure for each one

D the old lady

E you can’t breathe well

F a large kitchen with cookies

G for example

H an amazing job on their own

TASK 5

Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty space (23-32) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

THE IDEA

Andy Wasnick loved the idea. Mary Arthur hated it. Kurt Mendez didn’t think it was any big deal. Mr. El thought it (23) ____________________ a brilliant idea. After all, it was (24) ____________________ idea.

’It’s only fair’, Mr. El explained to his new fourth graders as they stood (25) ____________________ waiting for the lunch bell to ring, ’that we turn things around. Every year you guys line up in alphabetical (26) ____________________. Alphabetical order to go to lunch, to go to gym, to go home, and so on. This (27) ____________________ we’re using reverse alphabetical order’.

Mindy Vale put her hand down as Mr. El pointed to her. ’I’ve always had to stand at the back of the line, ever since (28) ____________________! Now I’m near the front. Thank you, thank you!’

The teacher smiled. Then he called on Christopher Cash, a serious and (29) ____________________ young man. ’Mr. El, I think you should reconsider this policy. This is very drastic and (30) ____________________. This could confuse our fragile young minds!’

’Put a lid on it, Chris!’ shouted David Tyler.

’We won’t have any outbursts like that, David!’ Mr. El said firmly. He turned toward Christopher. ’Don’t (31) ____________________, Christopher. We only have strong minds in this class’.

’How many of you think this is a good idea?’ Mr. El asked. As you would probably expect, most of the hands that went up were in the (32) ____________________ half of the line.

TASK 6

For each of the empty space (33-42) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D), Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

STEVEN SPIELBERG

The stars are usually actors and actresses. Most people do not even look at the name of the director or producer, except one — Steven Spielberg. When he was a little boy, his father (33) ____________________ him how to use a camera. Later he got his own camera and started to film things like model train crashes, stories about monsters and horrible murders. His three younger sisters (34) ____________________ always the victims. Later he made his first film at home at the age of twelve. It was a cowboy film three and a half minutes long, and it (35) ____________________ $10 to make. When he was sixteen, he (36) ____________________ a science-fiction film more than two hours long. (37) ____________________ films was his great hobby — much more fascinating for him than school. Of course, Steven wanted to go to film school. But his high school grades (38) ____________________ not good enough! So he just (39) ____________________ along to Universal Studios and asked for a job. Spielberg sometimes (40) ____________________ a lot of complicated effects — in the Indiana Jones films, for example. But, like in Duel, he (41) ____________________ a fantastic atmosphere even without special effects. E. T. is a success because of the feelings and reactions of the children. In 1994 he (42) ____________________ the most important film prize, the Oscar, for Schindler’s List. The secret of Spielbergs success is that the stories in many of his films somehow look as if they could happen to ordinary people like you and me.

ВАРІАНТ 6

TASK 1

Read the given text. Match the sentences (A-H) to the passages (1-5). There are three sentences you should not use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

() (1) Air pollution can cause an asthma attack and is thought to cause a rising number of hospital admissions and early deaths. Air pollution is the change of the natural characteristics of the atmosphere by a chemical or biological agent. The atmosphere is a complex, dynamic natural system that is the main to support life on planet Earth.

() (2) Worldwide air pollution is responsible for large numbers of deaths and cases of respiratory disease.

While the major are the mobile sources, mainly automobiles. Gases such as carbon dioxide, which contribute to global warming, are recognised as pollutants by climate scientists, while they also recognize that carbon dioxide is essential for plant life through photosynthesis.

() (3) We should lessen the number of automobiles on the road or invent other type of the machine that will not use oil. Today one family can have two or more cars what makes the air pollution rate higher. Public transport is less dangerous for atmosphere than a car. It is better to use it in order to save the environment.

() (4) Walking and cycling are two of the best ways to help to reduce pollution, they are also a great way to improve your fitness and save you money. Try walking or cycling to work or school instead of taking your car.

() (5) Water pollution is a large effect upon water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater caused by human activities. Transport is also one of the major factors of water pollution. Water is a vital part of life. Our organism partially consists of water. Everything alive must drink; water controls a lot of vital processes. The Earth would die without water. Using transport we produce some agents which kill water fauna and flora.

As we can see the situation with air and water pollution caused by means of transportation leads to global results and negative effects on our planet’s life.

A The world problem of transport.

В What to do to lessen the atmosphere pollution?

C What is the air pollution?

D Air pollution is caused by factories.

E The problem of the forests cutting.

F The best ways to reduce air pollution.

G The effects of water pollution.

H Air pollution is the cause of many deceases.

TASK 2

Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

A new study says ancient snow on top of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania could be gone in about twenty years. Huge layers of ice formed on the African mountain during a wet period about eleven-thousand years ago. But scientists say the ice on top of the mountain is melting because of rising temperatures in recent years. Lonnie Thompson of Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio led the study. It was published in Science magazine. The scientists used maps, modern navigational satellites and markers placed on the mountain to measure the ice. They found that the ice on Mount Kilimanjaro has shrunk from about twelve square kilometers in nineteen-twelve to about two square kilometers today. That is about an eighty percent reduction in the ice. Scientists say the ice will be gone by two-thousand-twenty if it continues to melt at its current rate. Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa. It is almost five-thousand-nine-hundred meters high. The top part of the mountain is covered with snow. The mountain rises above flat land, called the savannah. The land is home to many different kinds of animals. Many stories have been written about the famous mountain. The most famous is Ernest Hemingway’s ’The Snows of Kilimanjaro’. Some ancient beliefs in Africa consider the mountain to be a holy place. About twenty-thousand people visit Mount Kilimanjaro every year to see the famous snow-topped mountain. It even has its own international airport. The government of Tanzania fears that the melting ice will affect tourism and weaken the economy. The decreasing ice already has reduced the amount of water flowing from the mountain to some Tanzanian rivers. Water from the mountain supplies many villages. The scientists are working to save pieces of the shrinking ice for more study. The frozen layers tell about Africa’s weather in ancient times. The ice also provides information about the world’s climate. Experts say other ice glaciers around the world are melting because of climate change caused by human activities. But they say natural climate change could be the cause of Mount Kilimanjaro’s problems.

6 Kilimanjaro is....

A a volcano

В a mountain

C a mountain chain

D a river

7 Mount Kilimanjaro is in....

A Tanzania

В Zambia

C Kenya

D Peru

8 The ice top of the mountain is melting because of....

A increasing pollution

В increasing tourism

D increasing temperature

C rains

9 Mount Kilimanjaro rises above flat land called....

A glacier

В savannah

C top

D field

10 About... people visit Mount Kilimanjaro every year.

A eighty-thousand

В twelve-thousand

C twenty-thousand

D two-thousand

TASK 3

Read the text. Match each passage (11-16) with the statements (A-H). There are three statements you should not use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

11 So, I’m the only child in the family and I like it. Of course I’m spoilt a little but it doesn’t disturb me. The attention is all mine, consequently I’m the apple of my parent’s eyes. I feel lucky, and my friends are jealous because of my single state, particularly because I don’t have to share a bedroom. It’s an advantage. You get undivided attention from your parents. Being alone made me close to animals but it also made me quite demanding. If you don’t have sisters or brothers you need friends and so I tried hard to make them, I am good at making them still and such experience is very useful nowadays.

12 It may be true that an only child is spoilt, but, believe me, there are occasions on which you wish there was a brother or sister to share problems, but when you solve you problems yourself you tend to become strong and rational person, and it’s better to spend more time in the company of adults than with your contemporaries.

13 Most specialist suppose that only in a Family with one child a real leader can be born and educated. In the former situation parents usually believe in his possibilities, praise him for small successes and reward his good deeds. Thus he becomes self-centered and conceited. He is greedy for money.

14 In the latter situation parents are overprotective, underestimating their child’s skills and talents and often criticizing his efforts to be independent. Thus he is not sure of his real value. His start into adult life seems to be easier when we take into consideration welfare, comfort and living standards. But from the point of view of maturity his start is more difficult as he becomes independent later than his friends of the same age and sometimes cannot solve simple problems at work because so far his parents have always done it for him.

15 It is much more difficult to bring up the only child as the process of teaching him the terms of living in a society is rather artificial. In their books, educational films, and therapy meetings, psychologists give a lot of positive evidence that multi-children families provide a better psychological and socially healthier environment for development.

16 The parents’ effort to rear their children is rewarded when the children grow up. And when the parents are old it is impossible to be forgotten — form the bunch of kids there is at least one or two who will always remember to hasten with assistance to their loving parents.

A Parents use money to control their children.

В Family is the little community.

C To be one child in the family can make a child strong.

D Parents should not solve the problems for their children.

E Only rich people can afford more than one child.

F Children reward their parent when they are grown up.

G One child and the process of teaching.

H The only child in the family.

TASK 4

Read the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22). There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

More than two thousand years ago the early Britons established (17) __________________ of the Thames. The site had many advantages. It was defended on two sides by rivers. It lay in the center of the most fertile region. The old Britons gave the town its name, Lyndin, the Romans made it the center of their colony, the Germanic invaders tied to bum and destroy it, the victorious Normans made it the capital of the country. So the physical layout of contemporary London is (18) __________________.

The fort of Londinium, founded by the Romans in the 1st century AD, and the administrative center established at Westminster 1000 years later served as (19) __________________ in Central London.

At the time of the Roman occupation of Britain in the 1st century AD, London was already (20) __________________, in the 12th century King Alfred made London the capital of his kingdom. After William the Conqueror established himself in England, he began construction of the Tower of London, intending it as a citadel to overawe the populace. Many Normans settled in London and erected imposing edifices.

Throughout the Middle Ages the development of London was slow and was repeatedly arrested (21) __________________. The opening by Queen Elizabeth 1 of the Royal Exchange in 1566 marked the growth of the city expanded it might become too powerful. Queen Elizabeth 1 issued a proclamation prohibiting the construction of any new building within a radius of 4,8 km outside the city gates.

In 1665, during the Great Plague, nearly 70,000 Londoners died of to the disease with (22) __________________ The epidemic was followed by the Great Fire of 1666, which destroyed most of the walled section of the city. Because the Rebuilding Act of 1667 stipulated that only stone and brick be used, the new buildings that rose from the ruins bore little resemblance to the simple wooden dwellings of old London.

A by wars, epidemics and commercial crises

В the end product of complex historical events

C a period of a year

D an elderly couples house

E a town of considerable importance

F a living room with fireplace

G the nucleus for following development

H a settlement on the north bank

TASK 5

Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty space (23-32) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

I was cycling to work on Monday when a car nearly (23) __________________ me over. I nearly fell (24) __________________ my bicycle. I followed the car. It could not go (25) __________________ because there were many other cars. Then I was behind it. I banged (26) __________________ the roof. Suddenly, I saw the (27) __________________ Police on the side of the car. The passenger, a policeman, got (28) __________________. ‘What are you doing?’ he said. ‘The driver (29) __________________ knocked me over!’ I said. ‘You’re police officers. You (30) __________________ drive more carefully!’ The policeman took out his notebook. He (31) __________________ to take my name and address. He wanted me to go to the police station. Then the driver said, ‘Sorry. I didn’t see you. It was my (32) __________________’.

TASK 6

For each of the empty space (33-42) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

In the turbulent centuries that followed the Norman invasion, several efforts (33) __________________ to establish universities in Ireland. In 1311, John de Leah, Archbishop of Dublin, (34) __________________ a bill from Pope Clement V (35) __________________ him to establish a university in Dublin, but he died before anything (36) __________________. An attempt (37) __________________ in 1465 to found a university in Drogheda; this (38) __________________ to be endowed, as far as the Parliament of the England Pale (39) __________________ do it, with all the rights and privileges of the university of Oxford. The parliament concerned was presided over by Tomas, Earl of Desmond; two years later he (40) __________________ and beheaded, his estates were (41) __________________, and once more the idea of a university (42) __________________ to nothing. At last, in 1591, the idea was realized.

ВАРІАНТ 7

TASK 1

Read the given text. Match the sentences (A-H) to the passages (1-5). There are three sentences you should not use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

The USA is a federal union of 50 states. The basic law is the constitution, adopted in 1787, which prescribes the structure of national government and lists its rights and fields of authority. Each state has its government and all of them have the dual character of both Federal and State government. The political system of the USA is divided into three branches: judicial, legislative and executive. Each branch holds a certain degree of power over the others, and all take part in the governmental process.

() (1) Tire flag is called the stars and the stripes and old glory. It was adopted in 1777. The red stripes proclaim courage, the white — liberty, and the field of blue stands for loyalty.

The coat of arms of the US represents an eagle with wings outspread, holding a bangle of rods (the symbol of administer) in the left claw and olive twig (the emblem of love) in the right claw'. The motto of the coat of arms is ‘one out of many’.

() (2) Although the American system of government is based on Great Britain’s, it differs in having a writ ten constitution that is the bases of all government and law. The constitution of the US was adopted after the War of Independence on the 17th of September 1787. It lists the set of rules, law regulations, which provide the practical norms, regulating the work of the government. The document embodied the practical theories of man of property. The main principle underline the constitution was as follows: ’Private property is the backbone of liberty’. It was put forward by a rich plantation owner from Virginia James Madison, who is known to be a father of the constitution.

() (3) The constitution consists of Preamble and seven articles. 27 amendments have so far been added to its original text. The first 10 amendments, known as ’the Bill of Rights’, were added in a group in 1791. These amendments establish the individual rights and freedoms to all people of the states, including freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of worship etc. Americans fill that of all freedoms, proclaimed in the constitution, there is only one freedom — the freedom of enterprise. But it means freedom of the wealthy people only. The 21st amendment limited the President’s ruling by maximum two terms.

() (4) Inauguration always takes place on the 20th of January, it is an official act of installing the President of the USA to his office. Inauguration is connected with some traditions. Thus the incumbent.

President gives dinner on the eve in honour of the President elected and to conduct him threw the White House. By 12 o’clock of the 2nd of January two participants of the ceremony and guests take their places in front of the Capitol. The central point of the ceremony is the taking of an oath by the President and the delivering of his Inaugural speech; it is regarded as a declaration of principles, proclaimed by the new administration. The ceremony ends in a military parade.

() (5) The US began as a one party political system. But gradually two-party system appeared. The present- day Democratic Party was founded in 1828, representing southern states. It united slave owners. The Republican Party was founded in 1854 and united people from Northeast, who were against slavering. The emblem of the Democratic Party is a donkey. The emblem of the Republican Party is an elephant. The main task of the parties is to win elections. One of the reasons of stability at the two party systems is family tradition to inherit politics from fathers.

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