Must, have, will and should

for deduction and assumption

156 must used for deduction A Forms Present

must + present infinitive: He must live here, or must + continuous infinitive: He must be living here. Past must + perfect infinitive: He must have lived here, or must + continuous perfect infinitive: He must have been living here. Note the difference between the past forms of must used for deduction and the past equivalent of

must used for obligation: had to. must is not used for negative deduction (see 159) and is not normally used in the interrogative except when querying a deduction with must:

There's a lot of noise from upstairs. It must be Tom. ~ Why must it be Tom? Other people use that flat.

B Examples

He has a house in London and another in Paris, so he must be rich. I've had no sleep for 48 hours. ~ You must be exhausted.

He develops his own films. That must save him a lot of money.

I keep meeting him on the bus. He must live/must be living near by. The police are stopping all cars. They must be looking for the escaped prisoner.

What explosion? I didn 't hear any. ~ You must have heard it! The whole town heard it!

He must have taken sleeping pills last night. He didn't wake up till lunch time.

1 waited under the clock! ~ So did I, but I didn't see you! We must have been waiting under different clocks.

It was a head-on collision, but the drivers weren't hurt. ~ They must have been wearing their seat belts.

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