Функции для работы со строками

Пример: преобразование имени вида «Имя Фамилия» в форму «Фамилия Имя»

CLS

LINE INPUT “Имя: “; Nm$

Sposs=INSTR(1, Nm$, “ ”)

IF Sposs=0 THEN

PRINT Nm$ ‘введена только фамилия

ELSE

Lastname$=RIGHT$(Nm$, LEN(Nm$)-Sposs)

Firstname$=LEFT$(Nm$, Sposs-1)

PRINT Lastname$; “,“; Firstname$

END IF

END

Задания

1. Напишите программу, заменяющую два и более пробела в строке на один.

2. Напишите программу, выводящую строку в обратном программе.

3. Задана строка символов. Подсчитайте количество символов «k» в строке.

4. Напишите программу, заменяющую все заглавные буквы в строке на строчные.

5. Напишите программу, подсчитывающую количество предложений в тексте.

6. Напишите программу, которая подставляет в конце каждой строки ее порядковый номер.

Контрольные вопросы:

1. Какой тип данных называется символьным?

2. Каким образом присваивают символ переменной в Паскале?

3. В виде чего хранятся в памяти символьные переменные?

4. Какой тип данных в Паскале называется строковым?

5. Как сравниваются строки?

Список использованной литературы

Основная литература

1. Языки программирования [Текст] = The c Programming language / В. Керниган, Д. Риччи.- PH PTR, 2014.- 271p

2. Алгоритмы, структуры данных и программирование [Текст]: Курс лекций / Л.С. Криванкова.- Талдыкорган: ЖГУ им.И.Жансугурова, 2015

3. Бобровский С. Программирование на языке QBasic для школьников и студентов. - М.: ДЕСС КОМ, 2000.

4. Культин Н. Основы программирования. – СПб: БХВ-Петербург, 2012 – 608с

5. Лавров С. Программирование. Математические основы, средства, теория. – СПб.: БХВ-Петербург, 2013.–320 с

Дополнительная литература

1. Абрамов С.А. и др. Задачи по программированию.-М.:Наука, 2014

2. Гуденко Д. Петроченко Д. В. Сборник задач по программированию.-Спб, Питер, 2012

3. Visual Basic 5 [Text].- СПб.: Питер, ВНҮ,.- 976 с: с дискетой

Карлоф, Х.

4. Линейное программирование [Text] = Linear Programming / Х. Карлоф.- Boston: Birkhauser, - 142с.

5. В.Б.Попов, Турбо Паскаль, М: Финансы и статистика, 2012

6. Гуденко Д. Петроченко Д. В. Сборник задач по программированию.-Спб, Питер, 2012

7. Светозарова Г.И., Мельников А.А., Козловский А.В. Практикум по программированию на языке Бейсик.-М: Наука, 2012

8. 6. Фаронов В.В. Программирование на персональных ЭВМ в среде ТУРБО-ПАСКАЛЬ. – М.: Изд.-во МГТУ, 2013. – 580 с.

Содержание

Practical work 1. Stages of problem solving by computer.

Objective: To familiarize with the stages of solving problems on computers.

Task 1. Fill in the table - Scientists in the history of algorithms

Task 2: Fill in the table - Stages of problem solving by computer

Task 3. Make assotsiogramm "Algorithm"

Task 4. Calculate the amount of paint to cover the floor in the gym. Create a mathematical model of the problem.

Methodology for setting 4.

Stages of solving the problem on a computer

1. Statement of the Problem

When painting the floor trying to paint cover the surface evenly. To perform this task is measured the length of the floor. This means that the amount of dye is proportional to the area that needs to be painted. Therefore, to solve the problem you need to know the floor area. It is essential assumption: the floor is rectangular in shape. To perform this task is measured the length, the width of the floor and compute its area. The real object - the floor of the hall - is engaged in a rectangle whose area is the product of the length by the width. When buying paint trying to find out how much area can be covered by the contents of one jar, and calculate the required number of cans.

2. The mathematical model

Let A - floor length, and - the width of the floor,S₁ - An area which can be covered by the contents of one container, of N - number of cells, then:

floor area is calculated by the formula S=A×B, and the number of cells needed for painting the hall,N= A×B/S_1.

Task 5. At a scientific seminar brought together scientists and shared with each other business cards. Total 210 business cards were distributed. How many scientists came to the seminar, it is known that there were not more than 20? Create a mathematical model of the problem

Tasks for the independent works

1. The members of the chess tournament after the next party exchanged handshakes with each other. Total played 210 games, then 210 times opponents shook hands. How many people participated in the tournament, when each played once with the rest and it is known that the participants did not have more than 38? Create a mathematical model of the problem.

2. Dana proper fraction whose denominator is 2 more than the numerator. If you take away from the numerator 1 and denominator to add 7 and reduce the fraction, then the result will be 1/2. Find the original fraction. (Use the table task №4, changing accordingly the formula in the cells).

3. Through the porthole of the ship is required to pull the sunken treasure chest. Will it be done?

4. 1) The area of ​​a right triangle is equal to 6 cm. Find the length of the legs and the hypotenuse of the triangle, if one leg more than the other by 1 cm and it is known that the length of each of the parties does not exceed 12 cm.

Make a notebook in a mathematical model of this problem:

• select raw data;

• determine what is the result;

• Find the link between the source data and the result and write it in the form of mathematical relationships (present in the form of the equation).

5. 1) Repeat of formula side surface area and volume of a parallelepiped.

6. Requires obbit door 210h92 cm leatherette. Will pieces of leatherette 215h102 cm for door trim, if hem on each side is required by 2 cm of fabric?

7. It is necessary to paint the panel paint (walls) kitchen room. How many cans of paint is required, if the size of the kitchen: 405h310h285 cm, 88% of the wall takes tiles and 1 Bank of paint intended for painting an area of ​​5 m2?

Control questions:

1. What is mathematical modeling?

2. Define a mathematical model.

3. List the steps of solving a computer problem.

4. Describe the Euclidean algorithm

Practical work 2. Construction of algorithms

Objective: To study the properties of algorithms and methods for constructing algoritms.

Task 1: Fill in the table - Properties of algorithms:

Task 2: Calculate the perimeter of any triangle on its three sides (the question of the existence of the triangle is not considered).