The history of phonological studies.

The idea of distinguishing between the functional approach to the study of speech sounds and their material substance was first expressed by the Russian linguist Ivan Alexandrovich Бодуэн-де-Куртене (he is the founder).

in the 20-30s of the 20^th century a number of phonological conceptions appeared in different countries.

Nickolai Trubetskoy (Prague Linguistic Circle)

Roman Jakobson (-||-)

The theory of these two linguists formed the classical phonology (in Europe).

in the USA at the same time the familiar theories appeared.

There were 2 famous schools in Russia: Leningrad School (Scherba, his follower Зиндер, Бондаренко - woman) and Moscow School (Avanesov, Кузнецов, Реформатский).

Among American linguists: E. Sapir – classical phonology.

All these theories are classical, traditional, static (description, classificatory character).

In the 60s of the 20^th century New Phonology appeared. It was aimed to explain how speech was actually produced and understood.

This New Phonology is known as generative phonology.

N. Chomsky (an American linguist)

They tried to create dynamic models, which were aimed at establishing the sound pattern of a sentence on the basis of its semantic and grammar characteristics.

The main criterion is the approach of different linguistics to the 3 aspects of the phoneme. Some linguists exaggerated the material aspect, some – the abstract one and etc.

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