Classification of figures of substitution. EM based on the notion of quantity an EM based on the notion of quality.

F. of subst: Figures of Quantity:hyperbole- is a deliberate exaggeration which is aimed at intensification one of the features of an object to such extent that will show its absurdity., meiosis-is the figure of speech, contrary to hyperbole, consists in lessening, reducing the real quantity of the object of speech, litotes-is a rhetorical diminishing which includes the negative particles “no, not” before a word with a negative meaning (such a word may possess a negative prefix). /)Figures of Quality:metaphorical group:metaphor-asecondary nomination unit based on likeness; similarity-, antonomasia-the use of the name of a historical, mythological, or biblical personage applied to a person whose characteristic features resemble those,personification-is attributing human properties to lifeless objects; allegory-means expressing abstract ideas through concrete pictures, epithet- is based on the interplay of emotive and logical meaning in an attributive word, phrase, sentence, used to characterize an object. metonymical group: metonymy-based on the real association of the object of nomination, synecdoche-the transfer is based on the ass. between a part and a whole, periphrasis, euphemism- used to replace an unpleasant word, irony-is based on the simultaneous realization of two logical meanings – dictionary and contextual, but two meanings stand in opposition to each other.

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