Phonographical stylistic devices

SD based on the opposition of meanings of phonological and/or graphical elements of the language are called phonetical and graphical stylistic devices.

Onomatopoeia - the use of words whose sounds imitate those of the signified object or action, such as "hiss", "bowwow", "murmur", "bump", "grumble", "sizzle" and many more. Poetry abounds in some specific types of sound-instrumenting, the leading role belonging to alliteration - the repetition of consonants, usually-in the beginning of words, and assonance - the repetition of similar vowels, usually in stressed syllables. They both may produce the effect of euphony (a sense of ease and comfort in pronouncing or hearing) or cacophony (a sense of strain and discomfort in pronouncing or hearing). To create additional information in a prose discourse sound-instrumenting is seldom used. In contemporary advertising, mass media and, above all, imaginative prose sound is fore grounded mainly through the change of its accepted graphical representation. This intentional violation of the graphical shape of a word (or word combination) used to reflect its authentic pronunciation is called graphon.: mispronunciations in the speech of uneducated people (“peepul”, “jewinile”), amalgamated forms (“gimme” (give me), “gonna” (going to), mispronunciations which show the physical defects of the speakers: stumbling, lisping; graphical changes used to convey the intensity of the stress, emphasizing and thus foregrounding the stressed words, i.e. all changes of the type (italics, capitalization), spacing of the graphemes (hyphenation, multiplication) and of lines (verse lines organized in “steps”). Rhyme is the repetition of identical or similar sound combinations of words. Rhythm - the flow of speech presents an alternation of stressed and unstressed elements; the pattern of interchange of strong and weak segments is called rhythm.

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