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Designations and reductions (nomenclature)
| ρc | = | continuous phase density, kg/m3; |
| μc | = | continuous phase dynamic viscosity, kg/(m∙s) or N∙s/m2; |
| Vc | = | continuous phase velocity, m/s; |
| dh | = | hydraulic diameter. |
| Vr | = | drop/rise velocity, m/s; |
| Vh | = | horizontal water velocity, m/s; |
| L | = | plate-pack length, m; |
| dpp | = | plate-pack perpendicular gap spacing, m. |
| ρw | = | water density, kg/m3; |
| ρo | = | oil density, kg/m3; |
| μw | = | water dynamic viscosity, kg/(m∙s) or N∙s/m2; |
| g | = | gravitational acceleration, 9.81 m/s2; |
| Do | = | drop diameter, m. |
| Vm | = | design velocity, m/s; |
| ρg | = | gas-phase density, kg/m3; |
| ρl | = | liquid-phase density, kg/m3; |
| K | = | mesh capacity factor, m/s. |
Introduction
Absorption is called absorption process gases or vapors from the gas or vapor-gas mixtures by liquid (absorbent).
When physical absorption absorbable gas (absorptive) does not chemically react with the absorbent. If absorptive forms chemical compound with the absorbent, the process is called chemisorptions.
The physical absorption is reversible in most cases. On this property, absorption processes based allocation of absorbed gas from the solution - desorption.
The combination of absorption desorption allows repeatedly use the absorber and release the absorbed component in pure form. In many cases, to carry out the desorption is not necessary, as the absorbent and absorptive are cheap or of off-products, which, after absorption can not be used again (for example, gas cleaning).
In industry absorption processes are used mainly for the recovery of valuable components from gaseous mixtures or for the purification of these mixtures of contaminants.
Absorption processes are common in chemical engineering and are the main process step a number of major industries (for example, absorption of nitrogen oxides with water in nitric acid absorption ammonia, benzene vapor, hydrogen sulphide and other components from the coke oven gas, absorption of vapors of various hydrocarbons from gas refining and etc.). In addition, the absorption process are the main processes in sanitary cleaning of exhaust gases released into the atmosphere from harmful impurities (eg, cleaning of flue gases from carbon dioxide and etc.).
Devices in which the absorption process, called absorbers. Like other mass transfer processes, absorption occurs at the interface. Therefore absorbers should have a developed contact surface between gas and liquid. By the method of formation of the surface of the absorbers can be roughly divided into the following groups:
1. Surface and foil;
2. packing;
3. Bubble;
4. spattering.
Widespread industry as absorber received columns filled with packing - solids of different shapes.
The packed column liquid flows through the nozzle element is mainly in the form of a thin film, so the phase contact surface is substantially wetted surface nozzles, and packed devices may be considered as a kind of film. However, in the past the liquid film flow occurs over the entire height of the machine, and packed absorbers - only packing element height. When the liquid overflow from one packing element to another liquid film is destroyed and a new film is formed on the underlying element. In this part of the fluid passes through the layers located below the nozzle in the form of jets, droplets and sprays. Part of the nozzle surface is wetted with a fixed (stagnant) liquid.
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