The experiments must be conducted at room temperature.

The experiments are to clarify this point of view.

The constituents of this compound had to be determined at very low

Temperatures.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы текста.

KONSTANTIN TSIOLKOVSKY (1857 – 1935)

K.E. Tsiolkovsky was born near Ryasan, south of Moscow in 1857. In his childhood he began to take interest in physics and mathematics.

2. In 1895 he began to mention space flights in his papers and in 1898 he wrote about the necessity for liquid-fuel rocket engines. His first work dealing with the fundamentals of rocket propulsion was written in 1898, but it was published only five years later. Thus, it took approximately two hundred years for someone to formulate a practical application of Newton’s law of action versus reaction.

In 1903 Tsiolkovsky began a series of articles for an aviation magazine in which he went into theory of rocketry quite thoroughly, and on this his reputation as a pioneer of space flight rests. He wrote of space suits, satellites and the colonization of the solar system and was the first to suggest space station. By the 1930s he was a well-known scientist in the Soviet Union. At this time the country was already interested in some sort of space program.

4. Two very important contributions were offered by Tsiolkovsky: the notion of multi-stage rockets and the idea of using liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen as fuel.

5. The tombstone on Tsiolkovsky’s grave carries the message “Mankind will not remain tied to earth forever” and so it proved. Twenty two years after his death the Soviet Union launched the first man-made satellite and Sputnik made a wonderful memorial for this great man. Tsiolkovsky died in Kaluga in 1935.

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