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International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

Volume 63, December 2014, Pages 473–484

A survey on Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Ramyar Rashed Mohassel, Alan Fung, Farah Mohammadi, Kaamran Raahemifar

Smart devices

End user devices are comprised of state-of-the-art electronic hardware and software capable of data collection or measurement in desired time intervals and time stamping. These devices have an established communication with remote data center and are capable of transmission of such information to various parties in required time slots set by system administrator. Unlike Automatic Meter Reading (AMR), communication in AMI is bidirectional; therefore, smart devices or load controlling devices can accept command signals and act accordingly. At the consumer level, a smart device is a meter that communicates consumption data to both the user and the service provider. In-Home Displays (IHD) illustrate the smart devices’ data to consumers; making them aware of their energy usage. Utility (electricity, gas, water) pricing information supplied by the service provider enables load controlling devices (e.g. smart thermostats) to regulate consumption based on pre-set user criteria and directives. Where Distributed Energy Resources (DER) or storages are available, the system can come up with an optimized solution in terms of share of each source in answering the demand.

From the measured phenomenon point of view, smart meters have three distinct categories in broadest view: electrical, fluid, and thermal. There are also a number of sensors or devices that measure factors like humidity, temperature and light which contribute in utility consumption. The sensors could be expanded based on the needs and desire of user or system designer, considering their cost and functionality. Home automation systems deal with the proper selection, placement and utilization of various sensors within the home premises. Smart meters have two functions: measurement and communication, and therefore each meter has two sub-systems: metrology and communication. The metrology part varies depending on a number of factors including region, measured phenomenon, required accuracy, level of data security, application. There are also multiple factors, including security and encryption, which define the suitable communication method. There are a number of essential functionalities meters should have regardless of the type or quantity of their measurement.

These functionalities include:

1. Quantitative measurement: the meter should be able to accurately measure the quantity of the medium using different physical principles, topologies and methods.

2. Control and calibration: although varies based on the type, in general, the meter should be able to compensate the small variations in the system.

3. Communication: sending stored data and receiving operational commands as well as the ability to receive upgrades of firmware.

4. Power management: in the event of a primary source of energy going down, the system should be able to maintain its functionality.

5. Display: customers should be able to see the meter information since this information is the base for billing. A display is also needed as demand management at customer end will not be possible without the customer’s knowledge of the real time consumption.

6. Synchronization: timing synchronization is critical for reliable transmission of data to central hub or other collector systems for data analysis and billing.

MODULE 4

Research Work

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