Professions in the petroleum industry

Part 1

The petroleum industry is considered to be one of the giants of today's world. Like all large industrial enterprises, it employs millions of people who do many different kinds of work. There are management people at the top who control the policies of the company and see that they are carried out. There is also a large number of financial and clerical employees in corporate and regional offices. At the marketing level, truck drivers deliver gasoline to filling stations where attendants pump it into consumers' cars. In other words, hundreds of different kinds of jobs are directly or indirectly connected with oil. Many of them utilize the same skills that would be required for similar work in other industries, including managers, office workers, accountants, and salesman. Some positions, on the other hand, require special skills or training that are distinctive to the oil industry. Three scientific specialties, geology, geophysics and paleontology are known to play an important part in the search for oil. If anyone who wants to work as a petroleum geologist, be shouldn't expect to get a comfortable desk job. While some of the geologist's job involves paperwork, such as examining survey maps, a great deal of time must be spent in the field. Conditions in areas where the search for oil is being carried on can be extremely rugged. A grew taking readings from the seismograph, for example, may be away from their home base for, several days in a row in difficult terrain with only what they can carry in their trucks to rely on. The men who work in the exploration and drilling phases of the oil industry can also expect to be moved around frequently from one location to another. When a potential deposit has been analyzed geologically, or when a well has been brought in, then it is time for the crew to move on to some other area.

When the exploration has been completed and a location has been decided on to spud in a new well, it is time for the drilling crew to move in. Roughnecks and roustabouts, unskilled and semiskilled laborers, then move in. They perform a great deal of the hard physical labor in the field and on the drilling rigs. They can earn promotion through experience and seniority, or by attending appearance programs that teach the skills required by welders, electricians, carpenters or other specialized workers.

The boss of the drilling crew is called a tool pusher. Besides, the crew includes the driller, who is in charge of the drilling operation. Another important member of crew is the derrick man, who is stationed in the derrick to control the top of the drill pipe. Other skilled workers may work with the crew, such as welders, who join pipes or other pieces of metal together after applying heat to them.

Notes to the text:

1. Tool pusher - буровой мастер

2. Drilling crew - буровая бригада

3. Roughneck - рабочий буровой бригады (обслуживает двигатели, насосы, ключи)

4. Roustabout- неквалифицированный разнорабочий на нефтяных промыслах

5. Drilling rig - буровая установка

6. Gasoline — газолин

7. Utilize — использовать, утилизировать

8. Frequently — часто

9. То spud — приступать к бурению

10. Derrick — буровая вышка

Part 2

Some specialized workers in the recovery phase of me oil industry are known as pumpers, switchers, gaggers, well pullers.

A switcher is in charge of directing oil into field storage tanks, switching valves when a tank is full. If a facility only produces oil by pumping wells, the person who does this is called a pumper. A gagger reads gagger, or meters, those both measure the oil flowing from the well and control the pressure of the drive. The well pullers operate puffing rigs in order to remove tubular goods from the well.

The transportation of oil also requires many different kinds of workers. Once the pipeline has been put up in operation, it must be maintained by the man who work on the pumping stations and by the line workers, who patrol the line on foot by airplane to find any indications of breaks or other damage to the line.

In a refinery there are still men, who are in charge of the distilling process; purification operators, who control the equipment that separates the different vapors hat result from distillation; absorption operators, who control the condensation of the vapor into liquids; treaters, who are in charge of removing impurities; and safety inspectors, whose many duties include making tests to assure that dangerous levels of gas are not present at any point in the refining process. In most cases, these workers control a group of meters or valves which they must watch constantly to make sure that all the various processes in the refinery continue in an orderly manner.

These are some of the specialized jobs that are available in the oil industry. They are often dangerous but they are also offer adventure and high pay to the young men who go into them.

Notes to the text:

1. Pumper — машинист насосной установки

2. Switcher — оператор (на нефтепромысле или газопромысле)

3. Gagger — замерщик (нефти)

4. Well puller — мастер по ремонту скважин

5. Line worker — обходчик контролер

6. Purification operator — оператор по очистке

7. Treater — оператор по очистке продукта от примесей

8. Safety inspector — инженер по технике безопасности

9. Distillation — дистилляция, разгонка, отгонка

10. Assure — гарантировать, обеспечивать

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