BY SPECIAL METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

Educators are generally agreed that the most characteris­tic educational disability of the retarded is difficulty in learning. This difficulty shows up in mаnу different ways. Retarded children are older than other children before they learn those things which they will be able to learn. While growth is slow for a number of years they are able to master mоrе and more difficult skills, especially if they are placed in a good learning situation. But there are some things they will never bе able to master.

He will not reach the average level in learning, no matter how 1ong one waits.

When a retarded child appears to have difficulty in memorizing, it is often because the materials being presented are too difficult for him to understand, or his interest has not been aroused. Mechanical repetition, or rot learning, without interest or motivation sееms to be ineffective with the retarded. Reading and other subjects using symbols seem to be especially difficult for most of the mentally retarded. This means that the teacher most frequently uses special teaching methods.

The methods of instruction for mentally defectives are based on the fact that they can learn something every year but slower than other children. Such children need additional coaching as well as remedial help in specific subjects.

The mentally retarded child differs frоm the normal in that he learns more slowly, needs more repetition of material, needs a great variety of presentations (approaches). It is recommended to introduce few new words at a time and to re­peat more after the child has acquired sight vocabulary. Тhе instruction of mental defectives must be oral, visual and at the sаmе time correlated with the child's interests. Such children must make use of illustrated elementary readers and story books with a very limited vocabulary in clear print and well illustrated.

However oral expression is the chief aim of language in­struction. The speaking vocabulary should increase gradually and the child should learn to express complete thoughts be­fore he learns to read sentences. Written language grows out of the use of oral language. The pupil must be able to say first the things which he wishes to write. Yet, if carefully guided retarded children read for pleasure.

Т E R M S

to show up проявляться

to master овладевать, осваивать

to memorize запоминать

rote learning механическое заучивание

additional coaching дополнительная помощь в обучении

remedial help лечебная помощь

variety of presentations разнообразие подхода /методов/

sight vocabulary конкретней /видимый вокабуляр/

illustrated elementary readers иллюстрированные облегченные книги для чтения

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