Expansion velocity of longitudinal and surface seismic waves

The time interval between the first and main phases of the earthquake, Δ t, s:

(2.10)

The damage level of the buildings at a given intensity of an earthquake is characterized by probabilistic nature. All buildings are divided into 3 types, each of which is characterized by a certain seismic stability, Table 2.5.

Buildings destruction is characterized by the following levels:

1. Weak damage (cracks in the plaster, between panels, breaking off small pieces of plaster), which can be reconstructed by redecoration.

2. Moderate damage (breaking off large pieces of plaster, formation of cracks in overlapping, weak damage of load bearing walls), which needs capital repair.

3. Sufficient damage (destruction of constructions, defformation of frame and intersection), which needs capital repair

4. Disruption/shambles (partial destruction of supporting structures and the collapse of large parts of the house), which could not be restored. It is subject to wear (housebreaking).

5. Complete destruction of the house.

Different damage levels of the buildings are presented in Table 2.6.

Table 2.5

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