Earthquake effects estimation on human activity

The maximum intensity I₀ at the epicenter of the earthquake is determined by the formula:

(2.4)

The earthquake intensity at a distance R to the epicenter for homogeneous soil is determined by:

(2.5)

The real earthquake intensity I_RE, which takes into consideration the type of soil under buildings, can be determined by the formula:

, (2.6)

where ΔI_E is the earth tremor increases under the building area in comparison with granite; ΔI_SE is the earth tremor increases for surrounding area of the building.

The values of ΔI_E (ΔI_SE) for different types of soil are given in Table 2.3.

A certain intensity fluctuation of ground shaking arises at distance R (km) to the epicenter:

(2.7)

Period of time, when longitudinal seismic waves occur is I (long-wave) phase of the earthquake, t_I, s:

(2.8)

where V_av is the averaged speed of longitudinal waves expansion, km/s (Table 2.4).

Period of time, when surface seismic waves originate is II (the main) phase of the earthquake, t_II, s:

, (2.9)

where V_sw is the averaged speed of surface seismic waves expansion, km/s (Table 2.4).

Table 2.1

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