Distress, urgency and safety signals

5.1 MAYDAY to be used to announce a distress message

5.2 PAN - PAN to be used to announce an urgency message

5.3 SÈCURITÈ to be used to announce a safety message

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6 Standard organizational phrases (see also section 4 of "SEASPEAK Reference Manual")

6.1 "How do you read (me)?"

6.1.1 "I read you...

bad/one with signal strength one (i.e. barely perceptible)

poor/two with signal strength two (i.e. weak)

fair/three with signal strength three (i.e. fairly good)

good/four with signal strength four (i.e. good)

excellent/five with signal strength five (i.e. very good)

6.2 When it is advisable to remain on a VHF Channel / frequency say:

"Stand by on VHF Channel... / frequency... "

6.2.1 When it is accepted to remain on the VHF channel / frequency indicated, say:

"Standing by on VHF Channel... / frequency... "

6.3 When it is advisable to change to another VHF Channel / frequency, say:

"Advise (you) change to VHF Channel... / frequency...."

"Advise(you) try VHF Channel.. / frequency...."

6.3.1 When the changing of a VHF Channel / frequency is accepted, say:

"Changing to VHF Channel... / frequency...."

Corrections

When a mistake is made in a message, say:

"Mistake..." - followed by the word:

"Correction... " plus the corrected part of the message.

Example: "My present speed is 14 knots - mistake.

Correction, my present speed is 12, one-two, knots."

Readiness

"I am / I am not ready to receive your message".

Repetition

9.1 If any part of the message are considered sufficiently important to need safeguarding, say:

"Repeat... " - followed by the corresponding part of the message.

Example: "My draft is 12.6 repeat one-two decimal 6 metres."

"Do not overtake - repeat - do not overtake."

9.2 When a message is not properly heard, say:

"Say again (please)."

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Numbers

Numbers are to be spoken in separate digits:

"One-five-zero" for 150

"Two decimal five" or

ATwo point five@ for 2.5

Note: Attention! When rudder angles e.g. in wheel orders are given, say:

"Fifteen" for 15 or

"Twenty" for 20 etc..

Positions

11.1 When latitude and longitude are used, these shall be expressed in degrees and minutes (and

decimals of a minute if necessary), north or south of the Equator and east or west of

Greenwich.

Example: "WARNING. Dangerous wreck in position 15 degrees 34 minutes north

061 degrees 29 minutes west."

11.2 When the position is related to a mark, the mark shall be a well-defined charted object. The

bearing shall be in the 360 degrees notation from true north and shall be that of the position

FROM the mark.

Example: "Your position bearing 137 degrees from Big Head lighthouse

distance 2.4 nautical miles."

Bearings

The bearing of the mark or vessel concerned, is the bearing in the 360 degree notation

from north (true north unless otherwise stated), except in the case of relative bearings.

Bearings may be either FROM the mark or FROM the vessel.

Examples: "Pilot boat is bearing 215 degrees from you."

Note: Vessels reporting their position should always quote their bearing FROM the

mark, as described in paragraph 11.2 of this section.

12.1 Relative bearings

Relative bearings can be expressed in degrees relative to the vessel's head or bow. More

frequently this is in relation to the port or starboard bow.

Example: "Buoy 030 degrees on your port bow."

(Relative D/F bearings are more commonly expressed in the 360 degree

notation.)

Courses

Always to be expressed in 360 degree notation from north (true north unless otherwise

stated). Whether this is to TO or FROM a mark can be stated.

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Distances

Preferably to be expressed in nautical miles or cables (tenths of a mile) otherwise in

kilometres or metres, the unit always to be stated.

Speed

To be expressed in knots:

15.1 without further notation meaning speed through the water; or,

15.2.1.1 "ground speed" meaning speed over the ground.

Times

Times should be expressed in the 24 hour UTC notation; if local time will be used in ports or

harbours it should clearly be stated.

Geographical names

Place names used should be those on the chart or in Sailing Directions in use.

Should these not be understood, latitude and longitude should be given.

Ambiguous words

Some words in English have meanings depending on the context in which they appear.

Misunderstandings frequently occur, especially in VTS communications, and have

produced accidents. Such words are:

18.1 The Conditionals "May", "Might", "Should" and "Could".

May

Do not say: "May I enter the fairway?"

Say: "QUESTION. Do I have permission to enter the fairway?"

Do not say: "You may enter the fairway."

Say: "ANSWER. You have permission to enter the fairway."

Might

Do not say: "I might enter the fairway."

Say: "INTENTION. I will enter the fairway."

Should

Do not say: "You should anchor in anchorage B 3."

Say: "ADVICE. Anchor in anchorage B 3."

Could

Do not say: "You could be running into danger."

Say: "WARNING. You are running into danger."

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18.2 The word "Can"

The word "Can" either describes the possibility or the capability of doing something. In the

SMCP the situations where phrases using the word "Can" appear make it clear whether a

possibility is referred to. In an ambiguous context, however, say, for example:

"QUESTION. Do I have permission to use the shallow draft fairway at this time?",

do not say: "Can I use the shallow draft fairway at this time?", if you ask for a permission.

(The same applies to the word "May")

Note: In all cases the radiotelephone procedures as set out in the ITU - Radio Regulations have to

be observed.

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GLOSSARY

The GLOSSARY also includes a limited number of technical terms which do not appear in the text of

the SMCP but might be useful in case the content of a given standard Phrase requires modification.

General terms

Abandon vessel To evacuate crew and passengers from a vessel following a distress

Accommodation ladder Ladder attached to platform at vessel's side with flat steps and handrails

enabling persons to embark / disembark from water or shore

Adrift Floating, not controlled, without a clearly determinable direction

Air draft The height from the waterline to the highest point of the vessel

Assembly station Place on deck, in mess rooms, etc., assigned to crew and passengers

where they have to meet according to the muster list when the

corresponding alarm is released or announcement made

Backing (of wind) When a wind blows round anticlockwise (opposite of veering)

Beach (to) To run a vessel up on a beach to prevent its sinking in deep water

Berth 1: A sea room to be kept for safety around a vessel, rock, platform, etc..

2: The place assigned to a vessel when anchored or lying alongside a pier, etc.

Blast A sound signal made with the whistle of the vessel

Blind sectors Areas which cannot be scanned by the radar of the vessel because they are

shielded by parts of its superstructure, masts, etc.

Boarding arrangements All equipment, such as pilot ladder, accommodation ladder, hoist, etc.,

necessary for a safe transfer of the pilot

Boarding speed The speed of a vessel adjusted to that of a pilot boat at which the pilot can

safely embark / disembark

Bob-cat A mini-caterpillar with push-blade used for the careful distribution of

loose goods in cargo holds of bulk carriers

Briefing Concise explanatory information to crew and/or passengers

Cable 1: Chain, wire or rope connecting a vessel to her anchor(s)

2: (measurement) 608 feet, i.e. one tenth of a nautical mile

Capsizing Turning of a vessel upside down while on water

Cardinal buoy A seamark, i.e. a buoy, indicating the North, East, South or West, i.e. the

cardinal points from a fixed point, e.g. a wreck

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Cardinal points The four main points of the compass, i.e. North, East, South and West; for

the purpose of the SMCP the intercardinal points, i.e. Northeast,

Southeast, etc., are also included

Casualty here: Case of death in an accident or shipping disaster

Check (to) 1: To make sure that equipment etc. is in proper condition or that

everything is correct and safe

2: To regulate motion of a cable, rope or wire when it is running out too

fast

Close-coupled towing A method of towing vessels through polar ice by means of icebreaking

tugs with a special stern notch suited to receive and hold the bow of the

vessel to be towed

Close up (to) To decrease the distance to the vessel ahead by increasing one`s own

speed

Compatibility(of goods) states whether different goods can be stowed together in one hold

Conn Exercising the navigation of the vessel by her Master being on the bridge

thus relieving the officer of the watch from certain navigational tasks

Convoy A group of vessels which sail together, e.g. through a canal or ice

Course The intended direction of movement of a vessel through the water

Course made good That course which a vessel makes good over ground, after allowing for

the effect of currents, tidal streams, and leeway caused by wind and sea

COW Crude Oil Washing: A system of cleaning the tanks by washing them with

the cargo of crude oil while it is being discharged

CPA/TCPA Closest Point of Approach /Time to Closest Point of Approach limit as

defined by the observer to give warning when a tracked target or targets

will close to within these limits

Crash-stop An emergency reversal operation of the main engine(s) to avoid a

collision

Damage control team A group of crew members trained for fighting flooding in the vessel

Datum The most probable position of a search target at a given time

Derelict Goods or any other commodity, specifically a vessel abandoned at sea

Destination Port which a vessel is bound for

Disabled A vessel damaged or impaired in such a manner as to be incapable of

proceeding on its voyage

Disembark (to) To go from a vessel

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Distress alert (GMDSS) A radio signal from a distressed vessel automatically directed to an

MRCC giving position, identification, course and speed of the vessel as

well as the nature of distress

Distress/ here: The verbal exchange of information on radio from ship to shore

Urgency traffic and/or ship to ship/ air craft about a distress / urgency situation as defined

in the relevant ITU Radio Regulations

Draft The depth of water which a vessel draws

Dragging (of anchor) Moving of an anchor over the sea bottom involuntarily because it is no

longer preventing the movement of the vessel

Dredging (of anchor) Moving of an anchor over the sea bottom to control the movement of the

vessel

Drifting Floating, caused by winds and current with a determinable direction

Drop back (to) To increase the distance to the vessel ahead by reducing one's own speed

DSC Digital Selective Calling (in the GMDSS system)

Embark (to) To go aboard a vessel

EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon

Escape route A clearly marked way in the vessel which has to be followed in case of an

emergency

Escort Attending a vessel, to be available in case of need, e.g. ice-breaker, tug, etc..

ETA Estimated Time of Arrival

ETD Estimated Time of Departure

Fire patrol A crew member of the watch going around the vessel at certain intervals

so that an outbreak of fire may be promptly detected; mandatory in

vessels carrying more than 36 passengers

Flooding Major flow of seawater into the vessel

Foam monitor A powerful foam fire extinguisher standing by aboard tankers loading or

discharging oil

Foul (of anchor) Anchor has its own cable twisted around it or has fouled an obstruction

Foul (of propeller) A line, wire, net, etc., is wound round the propeller

Full speed Highest possible speed of a vessel

Fume Often harmful gas produced by fires, chemicals, fuel, etc.

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General emergency alarm A sound signal of seven short blasts and one prolonged blast given with

the vessel´s sound system

GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

(D) GPS (Differential)Global (satellite) Positioning System

Hampered vessel A vessel restricted by her ability to manoeuvre by the nature of her work

or her deep draft

Hatchrails Ropes supported by stanchions around an open hatch to prevent persons

from falling into a hold

Heading The horizontal direction the vessel's bows at a given moment measured in

degrees clockwise from north

Hoist here: A cable used by helicopters for lifting or lowering persons in a pickup

operation

Icing Coating of ice on an object, e.g. the mast or superstructure of a vessel

IMO-Class Group of dangerous or hazardous goods, harmful substances or marine

pollutants in sea transport as classified in the International Maritime

Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code)

Inert (to) To replace the oxygen in an oil tank by inert gas to avoid an explosive

atmosphere

Initial course Course directed by the OSC or other authorized person to be steered at the

beginning of a search

Inoperative Not functioning

Jettison (to) (of cargo) Throwing overboard of goods in order to lighten the vessel or improve its

stability in case of an emergency

Launch (to) To lower, e.g. lifeboats to the water

Leaking Escape of liquids such as water, oil, etc., out of pipes, boilers, tanks, etc.,

or a minor inflow of seawater into the vessel due to damage to the hull

Leeward The general direction to which the wind blows; opposite of windward

Leeway The angular effect on the vessel's course caused by the prevailing wind

Let go (to) To set free, let loose, or cast off (of anchors, lines, etc.)

Lifeboat station Place assigned to crew and passengers where they must gather before

being ordered into the lifeboats

List here: Inclination of the vessel to port side or starboard side

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Located In navigational warnings: Position of object confirmed

Make water (to) Seawater flowing into the vessel due to hull damage, or hatches awash

and not properly closed

MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identity number

Moor (to) To secure a vessel in a particular place by means of chains or ropes made

fast to the shore, to anchors, or to anchored mooring buoys, or to ride with

both anchors down

MRCC Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre: Land-based authority responsible

for promoting efficient organization of maritime search and rescue and for

co-ordinating the conduct of search and rescue operations within a search

and rescue region

Muster (to) To assemble crew, passengers or both in a special place for purposes of

checking

Muster list List of crew, passengers and all on board and their functions in a distress or drill

Not under command (abbr. NUC) A vessel which through exceptional circumstances is unable

to manoeuvre as required by the COLREGs

Obstruction An object such as a wreck, net, etc., which blocks a fairway, route, etc.

Off air When the transmissions of a radio station etc., have broken down,

switched off or suspended

Off station (of buoys) Not in charted position

Oil clearance Oil skimming from the surface of the water

Operational Ready for immediate use

Ordnance exercise Naval firing practice

OSC On-Scene Co-ordinator: A person designed to co-ordinate search and

rescue operations within a specified area

Overflow Accidental escape of oil from a tank which is full because pumping was

not stopped in time

Polluter A vessel emitting harmful substances into the air or spilling oil into the sea

Preventers Ropes or wires attached to derricks to prevent them from swinging

during cargo handling operations

Proceed (to) To sail or head for a certain position or to continue with the voyage

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PA-system Public address system: Loudspeakers in the vessel's cabins, mess rooms,

etc., and on deck through which important information can be broadcast

from a central point, mostly from the navigation bridge

Recover (to) Here: To pick up shipwrecked persons

Refloat (to) To pull a vessel off after grounding; to set afloat again

Rendez-vous An appointment between vessels normally made on radio to meet in a

certain area or position

Reported in navigational warnings: Position of object unconfirmed

Restricted area A deck, space, area, etc., in vessels, where for safety reasons, entry is only

permitted for authorized crew members

Resume (to) here: To re-start a voyage, service or search

Retreat signal Sound, visual or other signal to a team ordering it to return to its base

Rig move The movement of an oil rig, drilling platform, etc., from one position to

another

Roll call The act of checking who of the passengers and crew members are present,

e.g. at assembly stations, by reading aloud a list of their names

Safe speed That speed of a vessel allowing the maximum possible time for effective

action to be taken to avoid a collision and to be stopped within an

appropriate distance

Safety load The maximum permissible load of a deck, etc.

Safe working pressure The maximum permissible pressure in cargo hoses

SAR Search and Rescue

Scene The area or location where the event, e.g. an accident has happened

Search pattern A pattern according to which vessels and/or aircraft may conduct a

co-ordinated search (the IMOSAR offers seven search patterns)

Search speed The speed of searching vessels directed by the OSC

Segregation(of goods) Separation of goods which for different reasons must not be stowed

together

Shifting cargo Transverse movement of cargo, especially bulk, caused by rolling or a

heavy list

Slings Ropes, nets, and any other means for handling general cargoes

Speed of advance The speed at which a storm centre moves

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Spill (to) To accidentally escape, e.g. oil, etc., from a vessel, container, etc., into the

sea

Spill control gear Special equipment for fighting accidental oil spills at early stages

Spreader here: Step of a pilot ladder which prevents the ladder from twisting

Stand by (to) To be in readiness or prepared to execute an order; to be readily available

Stand clear (to) here: To keep a boat away from the vessel

Standing orders Orders of the Master to the officer of the watch which s/he must comply with

Stand on (to) To maintain course and speed

Station The allotted place or the duties of each person on board

Stripping Pumping out of tanks the remaining cargo, water, etc.

Survivor A person who continues to live in spite of being in an extremely

dangerous situation, e.g. a shipping disaster.

Take off (to) A helicopter lifts off from a vessel's deck

Target The echo generated e.g. by a vessel on a radar screen

Tension winch A winch which applies tension to mooring lines to keep them tight

TEU Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit (standard container dimension)

Track The path followed, or to be followed, between one position and another

Transit here: The passage of a vessel through a canal, fairway, etc.

Transit speed Speed of a vessel required for the passage through a canal, fairway, etc.

Transshipment (of cargo) here: The transfer of goods from one vessel to another outside harbours

Underway A vessel which is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground

Union purchase A common method of cargo handling by combining two derricks, one of

which is fixed over the quay, the other over the hatchway

Unlit When the light characteristics of a buoy or a lighthouse are inoperative

UTC Universal Time Co-ordinated (ex GMT)

Variable (of winds) When a wind is permanently changing the direction from which it blows

Veering (of winds) When a wind blows round clockwise; opposite of backing

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Veer out (to)(of anchors) To let out a greater length of cable

VHF Very High Frequency (30 - 300 MHz)

Walk out (to) (of anchors) To reverse the action of a windlass so as to ease the cable

Windward The general direction from which the wind blows; opposite of leeward

Wreck A vessel which has been destroyed or sunk or abandoned at sea

VTS special terms

Fairway Navigable part of a waterway

Fairway speed Mandatory speed in a fairway

ITZ Inshore Traffic Zone (of a TSS): A routing measure comprising a

designated area between the landward boundary of a TSS and the adjacent

coast

Manoeuvring speed A vessel´s reduced rate of speed in restricted waters such as fairways or

harbours

Receiving point A mark or place at which a vessel comes under obligatory entry, transit, or

escort procedure

Reference line A fictive line displayed on the radar screens in VTS Centres and/or

electronic sea-charts separating the fairway for inbound and outbound

vessels so that they can safely pass each other

Reporting point (see Way point)

Separation zone / line A zone or line separating the traffic lanes in which vessels are proceeding

in opposite or nearly opposite directions; or separating a traffic lane from

the adjacent sea area; or separating traffic lanes designated for particular

classes of vessels proceeding in the same direction

Traffic clearance VTS authorization for a vessel to proceed under conditions specified

Traffic lane An area within defined limits in which one-way traffic is established

TSS Traffic Separation Scheme: A routing measure aimed at the separation of

opposing streams of traffic by appropriate means and by the establishment

of traffic lanes

Way point A mark or position at which a vessel is required to report to the local

VTS-Station to establish its position

VTS Vessel Traffic Services: Services, designed to improve safety and

efficiency of vessel traffic and to protect the environment

VTS-area Area controlled by a VTS-Centre or VTS-Station

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