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КАТЕГОРИИ:






THE SPEAKING MODULE




 

II. Speaking Exercises:

Exercise 1. Describe universal process approach, operational approach, behavioral approach, systems approach, contingency approach using the suggested words and expressionsas in example:

 

universal process approach   the same, rational, assumes, regardless, size, require

 

Example: Henri Fayol's universal process approach assumes that all organiza tions, regardless of purpose or size, require the same management process. Furthermore, it assumes that this rational process can be reduced to separate functions and principles of management.  
operational approach   waste, standardization, promoting, motion study, incentives, training
behavioral approach   unionization, human relations, priority, industrial humanism, employees' needs
systems approach  
open systems, survival, related, closed system, environment, outside

 

contingency approach   perspective, orientation, research, open-system, multivariate, specific situations, managerial

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise 2. Put questions to the given answers:

1) Question: ___________________________________________?

Answer: Although the practice of management dates back to the earliest recorded history, the systematic study of management is largely a product of the twentieth century.

2) Question: ___________________________________________?

Answer: Management has turned to the human factor in the human relations movement and organizational behavior.

3) Question: ___________________________________________?

Answer: The contingency approach is an effort to determine through research which managerial practices and techniques are appropriate in specific situations.

Exercise 3. Work in pairs.

1 Use the notes on the next page. Reconstruct one lecture.

2 Give the lecture to another pair.

 

THE WRITING MODULE

 

III. Writing exercises:

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the suggested words:






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