Structure of the processor

The processor consists of a________________, which is a circuit board on

which are mounted I________________ chips, memory chips, and other

components linked together by_________ _{T___________} lines or channels in the

form of control, address, and da*a ___. In addition, a processor

has L__ _., which are electronic circuits providing specialized

functions such as graphics, or which connect a system board to

1__________......... The system board also consists of electronic devices, such

as an electronic ' for controlling the speed of operation:

I__________ _.. which store numeric data during the course of professing;

and various____ _______ including sequence control register, address

register, and function register.

adaptor boards registers microprocessor

clock conductive buses

system board accumulators Input or output devices

Reading

Task 12

Use the information in the reading passage and the diagram to help you match the terms below with the appropriate explanation or definition.

A processor consists of many different electronic circuits and devices for performing control functions, arithmetic and logic operations, and data transfers. Data may be transferred from backing storage to the internal memory or from the internal memory to the arithmetic unit by means of conductive channels known as buses. The part of the processor which controls data transfers between the various input and output devices is called the control unit.

Output port

1 microprocessor chip a

2 registers b

3 accumulators с

used to send address details between the memory and the address register

consists of an arithmetic-logic unit, one or more working registers to store data being processed, and accumulators for storing the results of calculations a group of signal lines used to transmit data in parallel from one element of a computer to another groups of bistable devices used to store information in a computer system for high-speed access an electronic circuit, usually a quartz crystal, that generates electronic pulses at fixed time intervals to control the timing of all operations in the processor used for storing part of the operating system and application software known as 'firmware': can only be read; cannot be written to or altered in any way used to store numeric data during processing a group of signal lines dedicated to the passing of control signals

used for the temporary storage of application programs and data; can be written to and read from

Task 13

Speaking

Work in pairs. Write down the list of terms (1-9) in Task 12 on a piece of paper. Without referring to your book, take turns to ask and answer questions about their functions.

► Useful expressions What is/are...? What does/do... do?

Word-play

Complete the puzzle and find the key word in 12 down.

Task 14

2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11

1 2 3 4

5 6

Across

A conductive line such as a data bus. (7)

A visual symbol used in a menu to represent a file or program. (4)

An input device used in computer games. (7)

An_____ device converts the electrical signals inside a computer into a form

that can exist outside the computer. (6)

The name given to system software that is held in ROM. (8)

A device with one or more buttons used to point at locations on a computer

screen.(5)

The part of the CPU that transmits co-ordinating control signals and

commands to the computer. (7,4)

1,048,576 bytes. (8)

A large store of computerized data. (8)

The_____ system was first used commercially on the Apple Macintosh

computer, but is now widely used on IBM machines. (7)

A signal route dedicated to sending information about locations within a

computer. (7,3)

Down

12 A register containing the results of an operation performed by the arithmetic-
logic unit. (11) ^

Language focus A

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