Read the text and answer the questions.

Global warming is the climate change which takes place on the whole planet. The average temperature in Earth’s atmosphere is slowly rising. It may bring us to a dangerous situation: the ice in the Arctic and Antarctic regions can partly melt so that a lot of dry land will get underwater. It is obvious that we must stop it somehow, but what can we do?

There are different ways to help stop global warming. First of all, you should stop wasting energy like electricity and gasoline. You had better turn off the lights or electrical devices if you don’t need them and walk or bike for short distances.

Moreover, we should reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the atmosphere. You can grow more plants which need carbon dioxide to grow.

Finally, we had better integrate the 3 Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) rules into our lives. You ought to reduce the amount of your rubbish. You shouldn’t buy unnecessary things in the market and you can sell or give away unwanted items in the house. You should try to reuse everyday items such as jars, pots, newspapers, carrier bags, packaging papers, etc. Classify the rubbish as paper, plastic, metal and glass. In that way, you will help these items to be used again.

1. What is global warming?

2. How can we stop wasting energy?

3. What is the benefit of planting?

4. What does “3 Rs” mean?

5. What else can we do to stop global warming?

Exercise 9.1.1 Look at the modal verbs in bold. Which of them render

- possibility and probability;

- obligation;

- advice;

- permission?

Exercise 9.1.2. Translate into English using modal verbs.

1. Мы должны заботиться о нашей планете и её климате.

2. Вам следует уменьшить количество сладкой пищи: вы едите слишком много пирожных и конфет.

3. Глобальное потепление может растопить льды Арктики и Антарктики.

4. Вам лучше сходить к врачу: ваша болезнь может быть серьезной.

5. Нам не следует тратить так много энергии (например, электричества), а также покупать ненужные вещи.

Text 9.2. Read and translate the text paying attention to the Modal Verbs:

Surf’s up!

Riding the waves can be the thrill of a lifetime. But what does it take to become a surfer?

If you have ever dreamt about incredibly big seas with huge powerful waves crashing onto sandy beaches, then you should definitely think about learning to surf. It’s the most exciting water sport. Serious surfers must be very brave, love adventure and have lots of energy. Once they’ve experienced the excitement of a ride on top of the waves, they never want to stop.

Surfers say they feel it’s the only place to be. Many travel around the world searching for the perfect wave, moving from one surf festival to another and checking weather forecasts to see where the really exciting waves are expected next. Some even carry pagers, which beep when there are weather reports of perfect conditions. A surfer’s

greatest disappointment would be missing the opportunity to surf in the best weather conditions.

Hawaii is the place where the sport began – the place which most surfers see as their “true home”. They love nature and the excitement you get from the deep waters.

Enormous waves crash along mile after mile of beautiful sand, and every surfer dreams of experiencing surfing in Maui or Oahu. Other great surfing locations include

Australia, the west coast of the U.S., the Caribbean, Brazil, Japan, Hong Kong, South Africa, the Canary Islands, and Cornwall. Experienced surfers are always in search of the best waves in some totally unspoilt paradise that hardly anyone has heard of.

It takes time for a beginner to learn the technique, but during a long hot summer, who minds practicing? The professionals, of course, are in the sea every day, then they come back onto the beach to do some exercises with weights. You need to be a strong

swimmer with good balance and plenty of courage to be an expert surfer.

You can surf almost anywhere in any weather if you are wearing a wet suit. All you need to do then is choose a surfboard and you are ready to go – hopefully into big

waves that are warm, with an experienced teacher to lead you. You don’t need to wear a wet suit in summer, but many surfers keep them on all the time since they can protect you from the hot sun as well as from cold water.

It can take a few weeks or it can take a whole summer for you to learn to catch a wave at the right moment, stand up on your board and stay there. It’s an amazing feeling when you look down and see your feet on the board and realize you are finally

standing up on the sea, even if you aren’t very steady. Professional surfers look as if they learned to surf as soon as they could walk.

Simply watching great surfers will make you want to try the sport. If you do try it, you will find muscles you never knew you had; you may begin to think you migh t never get it right, but you’ll have a lot of fun.

Exercise 9.2.1. Translate from Russian into English:

1. Вы можете заниматься серфингом почти при любой погоде.

2. Все, что вам нужно для бега трусцой, это кроссовки и спортивный

костюм.

3. Каждый школьник должен посещать уроки физкультуры.

4. Я уверен, что каждый школьник должен заниматься спортом.

5. Вам нужен легкий водолазный костюм для занятий серфингом, чтобы быть защищенным от горячего солнца и холодной воды.

Exercise 9.2.2. Ask questions to the underlined words and expressions

Revision 3

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