A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the word in bold type.

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Hard

a) Make sure you give the paint enough time to dry and …harden.

b) Those who work …hard usually achieve their goals.

c) I hadn’t seen him for years but he had …hardly changed at all.

d) A time of great economic …hardship came to the country.

Help

a) Without proper defense we’d be …helpless against an enemy attack.

b) What is Tom? – He is our cook’s …helper.

c) Sometimes it’s …helpful to make a list of everything you have to do.

d) A huge …helping of potatoes with meat was followed by an apple cake.

Include

a) Our tour party …included several retired couples.

b) There were twelve of us, …including me and Tom.

c) Dan works Monday to Saturday …inclusive.

d) His …inclusion in the team has caused a lot of controversy.

Depend

a) Nigeria gained …independence from Britain in 1960.

b) The young are totally …dependent on their parents for food and shelter.

c) Ed Duncan was a …dependable, hardworking detective.

d) (in an application form) Please, write the number of …dependants in your family here.

B. Translate into English paying attention to the use of prepositions.

На работу to work, на работе at work, с работы from work, в кровать to bed, в кровати in bed, из кровати out of the bed, в сумку into the bag, в сумке in the bag, на сумке on the bag, из сумки out of the bag, на вокзал to the station, на вокзале at the station, на платформе on the platform, в здании вокзала in the station, с вокзала from the station, у окна by the window, рядом с окном near the window, выглянуть из окна look out of the window, заглянуть в окно look into the window, подойти к окну come up to the window, отойти от окна step away from the window, ножом with a knife, пилой with a saw, собственными глазами with one’s own eyes, собственными руками with one’s own hands, собственными ушами with one’s own ears, через неделю in a week, через два месяца in two months, через полтора часа in an hour and a half, через полчаса in half an hour, через четверть часа in a quarter of an hour, в течение часа for an hour, в течение полутора часов for an hour and a half, в течение получаса for half an hour, в течение четверти часа for a quarter of an hour, во время шторма during the storm, во время разговора during the conversation, во время обсуждения during the discussion, во время полета during the flight, в полночь at midnight, в понедельник on Monday, на Новый Год on New Year, в прошлом месяце last month, на следующей неделе next week, в этом году this year, в следующий вторник next Tuesday, в прошлом веке last century, в спешке in a hurry, шепотом in a whisper, в прекрасном настроении in a fine mood, сказать по-английски to say in English, написать чернилами to write in ink, заглавными буквами in capital letters, вверху страницы at the top of the page, внизу страницы at the bottom of the page, почтой by mail, поездом by train, самолетом by plain, по ошибке by mistake, наизусть by heart.

C. There is one mistake in each of the following sentences. Find the mistakes and correct the sentences.

1. Money is the root of all evil.

2. What time do you got up?

3. Everybody is enjoying the party, aren’t they?

4. The stairs are made of wood.

5. Alan’s brothers study abroad.

6. Ann is very like her mother: the same height and features.

7. Pass me a piece of _ cake, please.

8. I got so tired that I went straight to _ bed.

9. The police will arrive in a few minutes.

10. _little is known about this case. It’s a mystery.

11. It was a fine morning. The sun was shining and the sky was cloudless.

12. What did you say to the police?

13. Don’t close the door, will you?

14. These two cases are closely connected.

15. Ann is much more polite than Mary.

16. This lecture is twice as long as than the previous one.

17. All the windows of our flat look on the south.

18. Whom are you waiting for?

19. Perhaps I will go to the disco on Friday.

20. I like listening to music and watching TV.

D. Read and translate the following abstract from “Three Men In a Boat” by Jerome K. Jerome and fill in the blanks with the appropriate articles if necessary. Some of the words are translated for you to understand them properly. Enjoy this outstanding piece of wonderful English humour.

We got out at Sonning¹, and went for …a walk round …the village.

We roamed about sweet Sonning for …an hour or so, and then, it being too late to push on past Reading, we decided to go back to one of …the Shiplake islands, and put up there for …the night. It was still early when we got settled and George said that, as we had plenty of time, it would be …a splendid opportunity to try a good, slap-up supper². He said he would show us what could be done up the river in …the way of cooking, and suggested that, with …the vegetables and …the remains of … cold beef and cereal odds and ends³, we should make …an Irish stew.

It seemed …a fascinating idea. George gathered … wood and made …a fire, and Harris and I started to peel the potatoes. I should never have thought that peeling potatoes was such …an undertaking⁴. …The job turned out to be …the biggest thing of its kind that I have ever been in. We began cheerfully, one might almost say skittishly⁵ but our lightheartedness was gone by …the time …the first potato was finished. …The more we peeled, …the more peel seemed to be left on; by …the time we had got all …the peel off and …the eyes out, there was no potato left – at least none worth speaking of. George came and had …a look at it – it was about …the size of …a pea-nut. He said: “Oh, that won’t do! You’re wasting them, you must scrape them.”

So we scraped them and that was harder work than peeling. They are such …an extraordinary shape, potatoes – all bumps and warts and hollows⁶. We worked steadily for five-and-twenty minutes, and did four potatoes. Then we struck⁷. We said we should require …the rest of …the evening for scraping ourselves.

I never saw such …a thing as potato-scraping for making …a fellow in …a mess⁸. It seemed difficult to believe that …the potato-scrapings in which Harris and I stood, half-smothered⁹, could have come off four potatoes. It shows you what can be done with … economy and care.

George said it was absurd to have only four potatoes in …the Irish stew, so he washed … half …a dozen or so more and put the without peeling. We also put in a cabbage and about half a peck¹⁰ of peas. George stirred it all up, and then he said that there seemed to be …a lot of room to spare, so we overhauled¹¹ both the hampers¹², and picked out all …the odds and ends and the remnants, and added them to …the stew. There was half …a pork pie and …a bit of … cold boiled bacon left, and we put them in. Then George found … half …a tin of potted salmon¹³, and we emptied that into the pot.

He said that was …the advantage of Irish stew: you got rid of such …a lot of things. I fished out …a couple of … eggs that had got cracked, and we put those in. George said they would thicken …the gravy¹⁴.

I forget …the other ingredients, but I know nothing was wasted; and I remember that towards …the end, Montnorency¹⁵, who had evinced¹⁶ great interest in the proceedings throughout, strolled away with …an earnest and thoughtful air, reappearing, …a few minutes afterwards, with …a dead water-rat in his mouth, which he evidently wished to present as his contribution to …the dinner, whether in a sarcastic spirit, or with …a general desire to assist, I cannot say.

We had …a discussion as to whether …the rat should go in or not. Harris said that he thought it would be all right, mixed up with …the other things, and that every little helped; but George stood up for precedent! He said he had never heard of water-rats in Irish stew, and he would rather be on …the safe side, and not try experiments.

Harris said: “If you never try …a new thing how can you tell what it’s like? It’s men such as you that hamper …the world’s progress. Think of …the man who first tried German sausage!”

It was …a great success, that Irish stew. I don’t think I ever enjoyed …a meal more. There was something so fresh and piquant about it. There was …the dish with …a new flavour, with …a taste like nothing else on earth.

And it was nourishing, too. As George said, there was good stuff in it. The peas and potatoes might have been …a bit softer, but we all had … good teeth, so that did not matter much; and as for …the gravy, it was a poem - … alittle too rich, perhaps, for …a weak stomach but nutritious.

E. Focus on phrasal verbs. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the phrasal verbs below:

a) put on / take off / do up / wear out / dress up

A: Mum, can I go to the wedding dressed like this?

B: No! You’ve …worn out those jeans – there’s a hole in the knee. Why don’t you … put on those nice trousers I bought you last year?

A: They’re too small. I can’t …do them …up.

B: Well, you’ve got lots of clothes. I’m sure you can find something nice. You have to …dress up for a wedding! Oh! And …take those old trainers …off too!

b) pump up / go down / get on / lock up / fall off

Paul went to the garden shed to get his bike, but discovered that one of the tyres had …gone down; it had been so long since he’d last ridden it. He found a pump and started to …pump the tyre …up. It was quite tiring, but he soon finished. He took the bike out of the shed and pushed it to the side of the road. Then he went inside his house again to get the lock so that he could …lock the bike …up when he reached his destination. He …got on the bike and started to pedal. Because he wasn’t used to riding, he wobbled and nearly …fell off, but he managed to stay on the bike and was soon cycling quickly down the road.

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