Graphical expressive means

Graphical expressive means are used to convey in a written form those emotions which in the oral type of speech are expressed by intonation & stress.

GSMs include:

1. Punctuation marks (PM).

Main stylistic f-ns of PMs are:

●to reflect the emphatic intonation of the speaker;

●to indicate the additional stress on the emphasize word or a part of a word;

●to render the author’s attitude to what he is talking about, hinting at a subtext;

●to reflect rhythmical organization of speech.

Exclamation markàshows a specific ironic attitude.

Interrogative markàused at the end of the sent-ce to indicate the rhetorical q-n which is a statement.

Dashà to mark emotional pauses & indicate such feelings as embarrassment, uncertainty, hesitation, nervousness.

A full stop, commaà to indicate detachment which makes a member of the sentence more extended.

Inverted commasà show that w-s require certain mng usually ironic, sarcastic.

Typographic techniques: Italics; Capitalization; Hyphenation; Multiplication of letters; Spacing out; Bold type; Graphar.

All these techniques are used with purpose of emphasis and pronounced with great emphasis.

Hyphenation also suggests a clipped manner in which it’s pronounced.

As for graphon, is intentional violation of the graphical shape of a word or word combination used to reflect its authentic pronunciation to recreate the individual and social peculiarities of the speaker and the atmosphere of the communication act.

Graphon indicates irregularities of pronunciation and supplies information about the speaker’s origin, social and educational background, physical or emotional conditions.

Can be caused by temporary (age, intoxication, ignorance of the discussed topic) and permanent factors (social status, educational factor, educational factor).

Some formes have become clishes, e.g. gotta, mighta, willya, coupla (couple of).

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