STTYLISTIC FUNCTION, INFORMATION, NORM.

St-cs does not study or describe separate linguistic units as such. It studies their stylistic function, i.e. it is interested in the expressive potential or expressive properties of linguistic units and their interaction in conveying ideas and emotions in a certain context. Peculiarities of a st-c funct:1)its ‘chameleon’ quality –a func of SD may vary from context to context (a hyperbole may be used for creating a humorous or dramatic atmosphere); 2) implicit character - is secured by the connotative meanings of wds; 3) accumulative character - a certain mood or feeling is usually rendered by a group of various means. This phenomenon is also termed convergence of devices. 4)irradiating character - few or even one lingual unit with an outstanding st-c function may attach a peculiar sounding to the whole speech unit.

Stylistic information, or st-c colouring of a lingual unit, is the knowledge where, in what particular type of communication, the unit is current.

The majority of the wds are st-cally neutral (when taken separately they only denote without connoting).

St-cally coloured wds (e.g. bookish, poetic, official, colloquial, dialectal, vulgar) have each a kind of ‘label’ on them showing where the unit was ‘manufactured’ and where it generally belongs. They preserve their ‘label’ or ‘trade-mark’ even in isolation.

Our verbal experience helps us to identify the belonging of wds to a certain sphere.

A specific distribution may also add some unexpected colouring to a generally neutral word. Such st-c connotation is called occasional.

Stylistic colouring of linguistic units is also the result of their distributional capacities. The term distribution implies the possibilities of combining the given unit with its immediate environment.

St-c norm indicate in what collocations and speech variety certain lingual units are proper or improper.

In the following examples we shall observe the opposition of three sublanguages (styles): 1)The old man is dead (normal literary, practically neutral). (Cf. Старик умер.) 2)The gentleman well advanced in years attained the termination of his terrestrial existence (high-flown, exquisite, pompous). (Cf. Старец скончался.) 3)The ole (low colloquial for old) bean he kicked the bucket (low colloquial, derogatory). (Cf. Старый хрыч подох (сыграл в ящик).)

16. THE STYLE OF OFF DOCUMENTS (THE SUBSTYLE OF BUSINESS & MILITARY DOCUMENTS)

I.R. Galperin’s classification of substyles of the official documents style includes: diplomatic docs, business docs, legal docs, and military docs.

The Style of Business Docs -commercial correspondence. B docs and letters are characterized by a high level of standardization. They are a combination of ready-made forms and stereotyped phrases as lucidity (ясность) & conciseness (краткость) are very important.

Peculiarities: 1)st-cally neutral voc 2)absence of tropes & evaluative or em colour voc 3)encoded character of the lng: abbreviations, contractions, conventional symbols(Ltd= limited, $) 4)special compositional design:

The heading of the letter gives the address of the writer and the date (in the upper right-hand corner); next (lower, in the left-hand corner) the name of the addressee and his (her) address. Then follow the polite form of direct address. The body of the business document (letter) should be concise and to the point, without unnecessary information or explanation, written in short, direct sentences. The text proper is followed by the complimentary clause and the signature of the sender

The usual way of address is Dear Sir(s), Dear Madam, Gentlemen. A personal name is practically never used in the direct address of a business letter

There are many standard formulas used: to express request: Please, inform us …, We shall (should) be oblige if you …, We shall (should) appreciate it if; to apologise: We regret that …, Unfortunately, we …, We beg to …; to thank for: We acknowledge with thanks …, We thank you …, We appreciate … All these formulas contribute to fostering such feat as precision, exactness and help to avoid ambiguity. At the same time they simplify & quicken business correspondence

Graphical: bold, all capital.

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