Approaches to fictional character within the framework of modern text interpretation.

1. Hermeneutic approach: characters are dominantly representations of human beings. It is necessary to take into consideration the specific historical background of the characters and their creators.

1. Psychoanalytical – concentrates on the psyche of both characters and recipients. They aim at explaining the inner life of characters, as well as the reactions of viewers, users, readers with the help of psychodynamic models of personality (e.g. developed by Freud and Lacan).

2. Structural and semiotic approaches highlight the very difference between characters and human beings, focusing on the construction of characters and the role of (linguistic, visual, audible or audio-visual) text. They regard characters as sets of signifiers and textual constructs.

3. Cognitive theories view characters as text-based constructs of the human mind, whose analysis requires both models of understanding text and models of the human psyche.

Character - any entity (individual or collective) – normally human or human-like – introduced in a work of narrative fiction. Characters are “storyworld participants”. Characters can be human, supernatural, animal or personifications of abstractions (allegorical). Characters can be fictional or based on real people.

? Realistic view (a character can be discussed apart from the text)

? Semiotic view (it is impossible to extract characters from the text and discuss them as real human beings)

? Mixed approaches (Rimmon-Kennan: “Characters are abstract constructs. These constructs are by no means human beings in the literal sense of the word, they are partly modelled on the reader's conception of people and in this they are person-like”)

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