The Concluding Paragraph

The conclusion is the last paragraph of the essay. It does three things.

– It signals the end of the essay.

– It summarizes the main points.

– It leaves the reader with the writer’s final thoughts on the subject.

Concluding Sentences

To signal the end of an essay, use a conclusion transition signal such as in conclusion, in summary, or to summarize. Then, either summarize the main points of the essay or rewrite the thesis statement in different words.

Example

Thesis statement:

In fact, television may be a bad influence on children for three main reasons.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, if children watch too much television or watch the wrong programs, their personalities can be harmed. Furthermore, their progress in school can be affected.

Practice: Concluding Sentences

Read the following thesis statements. Circle the letter of the most appropriate concluding sentence. Notice that each concluding sentence begins with a transition signal.

Example

1. My greatest problem in learning English is oral communication.

a. In conclusion, learning to read and write English is difficult.

b. In conclusion, because I do not speak English enough, my listening and speaking skills have not improved.

c. In conclusion, everyone should practice speaking English more.

2. Smoking is unhealthful because it can cause heart and lung disease; moreover, it is expensive.

a. In brief, buying cigarettes is a bad idea.

b. In conclusion, smoking affects your health, and it is also a waste of money.

c. Therefore, smoking is a bad habit.

3. In my opinion, college grades are necessary because they motivate students to do their homework and to attend classes regularly.

a. In conclusion, college grades are important.

b. In conclusion, students should be graded for their own good.

c. In conclusion, college grades are important because they cause students to be more serious and to try harder.

4. My major goals are getting a part-time job and mastering the use of the English language.

a. In conclusion, if I do not reach my goals, I will be unhappy.

b. In brief, finding a job and using English well are important to me.

c. In summary, my major goals are getting a part-time job and mastering the use of the English language.

5. London has excellent bus and subway systems.

a. In conclusion, the public transportation system in London provides reliable service at all times.

b. In conclusion, taking a bus in London is convenient.

c. In conclusion, taking public transportation is a good way to get around in London.

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