Formulating support for the thesis

You need not only present your opinion, but also support it with evidence.

· Using personal experience.

· Giving logical reasons to support your thesis

– giving examples and precedents;

– citing an authority or expert on the topic.

· Showing causes and effects.

· Using inductive and deductive reasoning.

· Giving emotional reasons to support your thesis

– using description;

– using concrete language;

– using figurative language (metaphors, similes, analogies).

Formulating the counterarguments against the thesis

When presenting counterarguments you should:

· Present at least two arguments against your point of view (counterarguments) with evidence.

· Answer these counterarguments with evidence.

· Avoid strong language (“This is a stupid idea”).

ORGANIZING THE ESSAY

The classical system of argumentation
based on that of ancient Greek and Roman orators

The Introduction

· Gains reader’s attention (question, story, quotation).

· Establishes your qualifications to write about topic.

· Establishes common ground with readers.

· Demonstrates fairness.

· States thesis.

The Background (any necessary background information about the topic).

The Arguments

· Reasons in support of thesis (logical/emotional/ethical).

· Reasons presented in order of importance (most important first).

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