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The Counterarguments
· Present alternative points of view.
· Notes reasons for/against these points of view.
· Shows why your view is better.
The Conclusion
· Summarize the argument.
· Elaborate on implications of the thesis (if we do this, then…).
· State what you want readers to think or do.
· Make a strong ethical or emotional appeal.
Argumentation Designs
Diagram I
| PRO | CON |
| Thesis: “This is so.” | |
| “Of course, that is so, too.” | |
| “But that is too high a price… | |
| “And … | |
| “Moreover… | |
| “…, and so forth. | |
| “Therefore,…” |
Diagram II: Controlling Handguns – Pro and Con
| PRO | CON |
| Thesis: Possession of handguns should be controlled. | |
| To be sure, self-protection is a natural right…. | |
| But pistols in homes kill many more relatives than intruders…. | |
| Of course, ownership by hunters and collectors is justified…. | |
| Large numbers of weapons in homes, however, give easy access to theft…. | |
| We concede that any restrictions invade privacy and freedom…. | |
| Nevertheless, the intrusion is no more restrictive than registering an automobile…. | |
| Indeed, all arguments about individual rights pale before the crime rate and the annual slaughter of individuals…. | |
| Besides, handguns kill thousands more in the United States than in any other country. | |
| Therefore, controlling handguns is reasonable and necessary. |
The Writing Product
Content
· Does the essay have a main idea?
· Is the main idea developed and supported with examples, evidence?
· Are all the details in the essay relevant to the main idea?
Organization
· Is the main idea of the essay clearly started in a thesis statement?
· Does each paragraph contain only one main idea?
· Does each paragraph contain a topic sentence that clearly states the main idea?
· Is the main idea of each paragraph developed in an organized way?
· Are transition devices used to link sentences and paragraphs together?
· Does the conclusion summarize the main points made in the essay?
Language
· Is the material taken from other sources correctly cited and used without plagiarism?
· Is the vocabulary appropriate for the topic?
· Do paragraphs contain a combination of simple and complex sentences?
· Are there any errors in grammar?
· Are there any errors in spelling and punctuation?
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