WHAT YOU MUST PRODUCE

1. Two acceptable topics, one of which will be approved by the instructor.
A bibliography of all titles to be used in the paper.

2. Note cards, a thesis statement, and an outline. (Papers following the MLA format will require an abstract rather than an outline.)

3. A rough draft of the paper.

4. The final paper, complete with bibliography.

Here are two bibliographical cards made out correctly, one for a book, the other for an article in a magazine. On each side is an explanation of the entry on the card:

Figure 1. A note card for a book

Date of publication?

Figure 2. A note card for an article in a magazine

Note Taking

If your bibliographical cards are not numbered with a key number, then each time you take a note from any source, you will have to copy the complete bibliographical information given in the card in Figure 1, except, of course, the library and the call number. When dozens of notes are taken, this can become quite a chore.

If, however, you use a different key number for each bibliographical reference, then all you have to do when taking a note is to write in the upper right-hand corner the appropriate key number. That can save you a lot of writing.

Bibliography

The first thing to do after you have chosen your topic is to make a list or bibliography of information on your subject: books, manuals, pamphlets, articles, etc. You will find it far more satisfactory to make such a list on cards, 3 x 5, 4 x 6, or whatever size you wish, putting the following bibliographical information on the card, ONLY ONE ENTRY TO A CARD:

1. The author's name (if given)—last name first, first name, middle name. Since some books, manuals, booklets, and even articles do not use an author's name, then start with the title.

2. The title of the work. If the work is a separate publication (book, handbook, manual, booklet, dictionary, etc.), the title should be underlined once. This is the printer's cue to put these words in italic type. If the work is not a separate publication but an article in a journal or magazine, a chapter in a book, a section in a handbook, then put double quotation marks around the title. (See Figures 1 and 2 on the facing page.)

3. If the book has gone into several editions, indicate this in parentheses immediately following the underlined title.

For a book:

4. The name of the publisher.

5. The place of publication.

6. The date of duplication.

[Maybe, we should provide examples only in this section and above]?

For an article:

4. The title of the magazine or journal.

5. The volume and the number.

6. The date of the magazine.

The inclusive pages on which the article appeared.

In Figure 3 we have a note card that is a direct quotation from the source. Quotation marks are necessary. This is not true of the note card in Figure 4, because this is a paraphrase of the information between pages 40 and 57 of the source.

Figure 3. A note card (quotation)

Figure 4. A note card (citation)

Paraphrase

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