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Making up a plan of the transit-tape survey
When points of a boundary line to be surveyed differ in altitude they must be first transferred to the datum plane along vertical lines after which the necessary measurements can be taken and the boundary line plotted at a reduced scale on paper. In this way horizontal position of lines and points are obtained forming the so-called horizontal projections. This method of obtaining reduced images on paper is termed projecting or plotting.
The results of a horizontal survey are plotted out at a reduced scale on paper.
After having found out the co-ordinates of points it is necessary to mark them on the plan.
The points of surveying are plotted out on the plan along the co-ordinates networks which is made up with the help of Drobishev ruler. The co-ordinates network is a net of squares with the sides of 10 sm. According to the co-ordinates the beginning is chosen and the points are drawn in scale.
The plans of sites surveyed are their reduced representation on paper. The ration between the actual lengths of the lines as measured on the site and their lengths on the plan is the scale to which this plan has been drawn. Frequently the scale is indicated by a fraction with the numerator equal to 1. If the scale is 1/1000, 1/10000 a line 1 cm long on the plan will correspond to 1,000 cm or 10 m, and to 10000 cm or 100m, respectively. The longer is the denominator the smaller is the scale and vice versa.
On graphical materials one must use numerical scale which is put in 10-20 mm from the lower part of the frame symmetrically to the paper. It is not necessary to write the word “scale” or the letter “M”.
The frame that limits working surface of the plan is drawn in four sides, 10-20 mm from the edge of the paper. It is drawn with the help of two lines 4-5 mm between them. If a graphical representation is near the edge of the paper it is necessary to tear a frame up.
The thickness of the external line is 0,3-0,4 mm; internal – 0,6-1mm. The co-ordinates network as well as the river is drawn in blue but only at the intersections. The whole plan is drawn in black.
Explication is a description of lands used. There are different types of explication with the description of land’s properties, the areas of all plots. It is put to the right or to the left of the plan taking into account proportional arrangement.
A stamp is drawn in the right lower part of the paper In the stamp one must point out the number of the specialty, the name of the work, the name of the educational establishment and the year, the full names of the director, the teacher and the student.
Word List
| boundary lines- лінії кордонів to differ in altitude – відрізнятися висотою to be transferred - переносяться measurements - вимірювання reduced image/ scale – зменшене зображення/ масштаб network (net) - мережа ruler - лінійка squares - квадрати beginning - початок ration- відношення actual length – дійсна довжина fraction - дріб | to be plotted out- наносити на карту numerator - чисельник denominator - знаменник vice versa - навпаки lower part of the frame – нижня частина рамки sides - сторони the edge- край to tear a frame up – розірвати рамку the areas of the plots – площі ділянок to take into account- брати до уваги arrangement - розташування to point out - вказати educational establishment – навчальний заклад |
Вправа 1
Підберіть терміни, подані ліворуч, до їх визначень праворуч:
| 1 boundary lines 2 to differ in altitude 3 measurements 4 reduced scale 5 network (net) 6 ration 7 actual length 8 to be plotted out- 9 lower part of the frame 10 to tear a frame up 11the areas of the plots 12 the plans of sites 13 net of squares 14 description of lands | a мережа b відношення c дійсна довжина d наносити на карту e нижня частина рамки f розірвати рамку g лінії кордонів h площі ділянок k вимірювання l зменшений масштаб m план місцевості n сітка квадратів o описання ділянок p відрізнятися висотою |
Вправа 2
Визначте значення слів без словника:
the datum plane, vertical lines, horizontal position of lines, the results of a horizontal survey, to mark on the plan, the co-ordinates networks, Drobishev ruler, graphical materials, symmetrically, limits working surface, number of the specialty
Вправа 3
Закінчіть речення:
1. The plans of sites surveyed are ……………………………
2. The co-ordinates networks is made ………………………
3. The points are plotted out along ……………………………
4. The beginning is chosen…………………………………..
5. The scale is the ration between……………………………
6. The frame is drawn……………………………………..
7. The description of land’s properties, the areas of all plots are placed in………………
8. The number of the specialty, the name of the work is written in ………………….
Вправа 4
Дайте відповіді на запитання:
1. How can we plot out the points?
2. What instrument do we use to make up the coordinate net?
3. What is the coordinate net?
4. What is the plan of the site?
5. What is the scale?
6. What kind of scale is used on graphical materials?
7. Are there different types of explication
8. What must be pointed out in the stamp?
Вправа 5
Складіть діалог, використовуючи запитання з вправи 4.
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