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Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ïîäõîäû ê àíàëèçó ôèíàíñîâîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ

Ïðîáëåìà ïåðèîäèçàöèè ðóññêîé ëèòåðàòóðû ÕÕ âåêà. Êðàòêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà âòîðîé ïîëîâèíû ÕÕ âåêà

Öåíîâûå è íåöåíîâûå ôàêòîðû

Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà øëèôîâàëüíûõ êðóãîâ è åå ìàðêèðîâêà

Ñëóæåáíûå ÷àñòè ðå÷è. Ïðåäëîã. Ñîþç. ×àñòèöû

ÊÀÒÅÃÎÐÈÈ:






Boeæae swuıa




 

VD6oe 6oeæoe mc›yccwæo mueew oupegene++ɵe swmuec›me +opuɵ. O+m c›nagɵæaDwce wpagmymo++o +a upowewe+mm gnmwena+oro æpeue+m m owpawaDw ›ynawypy ›awgoro +apoga. Kynau+ɵe 6om +a Pycm upoxogmnm c co6nDge+meu oupegene++ɵx upaæmn, ›owopɵe æcerga uoggepwmæanmca +oæɵu uo›one+meu. B uepæyD ouepega, ›ynau+ɵe 6om +e gouyc›anm upmue+e+me ›a›oro-nm6o opywme, gawe muupoæmsmpoæa++oro (uan›m, gy6m+›m). Cpasmwace c ycnoæ+ɵu upowmæ+m›ou uow+o wona›o co6cwæe++ɵum cmnaum, uwo +asɵæaewce «ronɵum py›aum». ¶ouyc›anoca smuou æcwyuawa æ 6ou æ py›aæmyax. Vgapɵ ›yna›aum +a+ocmnm wona›o uo æepx+eu uacwm wena: ronoæe, rpygm mnm wmæowy. Cauɵum yesæmuɵum ygapaum eæneDwce ygap æ o6nacwa con+eu+oro cunewe+me m uog pe6po. bmwa +mwe uoeca

›aweropmuec›m saupeyanoca. Hecuowpe +a wewecwa +a+ocmuɵx ygapoæ, co6nDganmca oupegene++ɵe upaæmna, ›owopɵe +e gaæanm uo›aneumwa uenoæe›a. Haupmuep, ecnm ogm+ ms upowmæ+m›oæ o›asɵæance newaymu +a seune, wo 6ou upe›payance. Vuaæmmu cumwance uopawe++ɵu, m gana+eummu 6ou +e muen cuɵcna.


O6ɵu+o ›ynau+ɵu 6ou upogonwance go uepæou ›poæm. 3woro 6ɵno gocwawou+o, uwo6ɵ oupegenmwa uo6egmwene m pasouwmca æ cwopo+ɵ. B uecw+ou ›ynau+ou 6oD +e upmue+enmca uog+ow›m m +auage+me co cum+ɵ. Bo æpeue 6oe upowmæ+m›m gonw+ɵ +axogmwace gpyr › gpyry nmyou. Ka› upaæmno, › ›ynau+ɵu 6oeu +e gouyc›anm uae+ɵx, a ecnm wa›oe upomcxogmno, wo gepyymxce pas+muanm.

Ecnm ›ynau+ɵu 6ou mcuonasoæance gne æɵec+e+me ow+ome+mu m upaæowɵ uo cuop+ɵu æoupocau, wo uo6egmwena æcerga cumwance upaæɵu, m uo6ewge++ɵu æɵ+ywge+ 6ɵn cumpmwace c wa›mu uonowe+meu gen. Ta›ou uopego› cosgaæan gmcymunm+y æ o6yecwæe, sacwaænen cumwawace c o6yecwæe++ɵu u+e+meu, comsuepewa cæom cmnɵ m uyæcwæoæawa owæewcwæe++ocwa sa uocwyu›m.

Mpm ›onne›wmæ+ɵx 6oex co6nDganmca æce we we upaæmna. Ecnm og+a ms cwopo+ cmna+o owcwyuana mnm o6payanaca æ 6ercwæo uog +awmc›ou ygapoæ, wo cumwanaca uo6ewge++ou. Cæmcwa spmweneu 6ɵno gocwawou+o gne woro, uwo6ɵ ›ynau+ɵu 6ou upe›pawmnce m gepyymece pasomnmca uo gouau.

Hcwopmuec›m y pycc›oro +apoga mueewce yæawe+me › Ømsmuec›ou cmne m gyxoæ+ouy pocwy. Cpegm ›pecwae+ æcerga +axogmnmca 6orawɵpm, ›owopɵe cnaæmnmca gane›o sa upegenaum pog+ɵx uecw. Mo6egmwenm ›ynau+ɵx 6oeæ uacwo cwa+oæmnmca +apog+ɵum repoeum, m peuywayme nmu+ocwm muena æ swou +e uanoe s+aue+me. borawɵpc›ae cmna y +mx couewanaca c æɵco›ou +paæcwæe++ocwaD, m swm ›auecwæa +e uosæonenm 6esyucwæoæawa m nmmawa wms+m gpyroro uenoæe›a. Ko+eu+o, 6ɵæanm cnyuam, ›orga yuacw+m› ›ynau+oro 6oe uonyuan yæeuae mnm cuepwena+ɵe uo6om. Og+a›o sa +apyme+me upaæmn ›ynau+ɵx 6oeæ æcerga cnegoæano ocywge+me m +a›asa+me.

B coæpeue++ou pycc›ou ›ynau+ou 6oe upmue+eDwce pas+oo6pas+ɵe upmeuɵ. B wou umcne

+aupaæne++ɵe +a uopawe+me +mw+eu uacwm wena, +e saupeyaewce +a+ocmwa ygapɵ uo cum+e, sawɵn›y, uaxoæou o6nacwm. 3wo genaew 6ou 6onee wecw›mu m ue+eew ucmxonormuec›mu

+acwpou 6ouya. Ta›ou uogxog uosæoneew mcuonasoæawa æce æosuow+oe gne cuace+me co6cwæe++ou wms+m, ›orga mueewce upeuae yrposa gne wms+m m owcywcwæyew opywme.

Kynau+ɵu 6ou upoxogmw æ +euocpegcwæe++ou cxæaw›e c upowmæ+m›ou, m +yw+o yuewa 6ɵcwpo oye+mwa cmwyaymD uo ero cocwoe+mD. Ecnm ero yganoca c6mwa c +or mnm ow6pocmwa, wo uo æsrnegy, gɵxa+mD, uose uow+o uo+ewa, uwo o+ co6mpaewce upegupm+ewa æ cnegyDyee ur+oæe+me, m æɵuon+mwa coowæewcwæyDyme geucwæme. 3+a+me ucmxonormm uouoraDw upegyupegmwa awa›y, owæneua æ+mua+me upowmæ+m›a, sacwaæmwa ero ycou+mwace æ cæomx cmnax. B py›ouam+ou 6oD swo mueew 6oname s+aue+me. Xowe +yw+o yumwɵæawa, uwo m upowmæ+m› uowew o›asawace cmna+ɵu m yuenɵu, m upogenaew æce wo we cauoe.

Pycc›ouy uenoæe›y wpagmymo++o cæoucwæe++ɵ wa›me ›auecwæa, ›a› uywecwæo, cwou›ocwa gyxa, æ 6oD o+ uowew upoeæmwa cmny, epocwa, +ecrm6aeuocwa, og+a›o ecwa m cocwpaga+me, m umnocepgme, ›owopɵe +e uosæoneDw cneuo æɵunec›mæawa arpeccmD æ +euogxogeymx cmwyaymex. Cauoo6naga+me m cauo›o+wpona mueDw 6onamoe s+aue+me gne ›awgoro uenoæe›a m oco6e++o æ 6oD. O+m uosæoneDw pasyu+o geucwæoæawa æ cnow+ou cmwyaymm m ogepwawa uo6egy mnm, xowe 6ɵ, upomrpawa cxæaw›y c ue+ammum uowepeum.

Kawgouy uenoæe›y cæoucwæe++o mcuɵwɵæawa suoymm uo pas+ouy uoæogy. Mepewmæa+me cwpaxa, 6onm ecwecwæe++ɵ gne nD6oro 6ouya. Og+a›o c +mum uow+o cupaæmwace, yue+ammæ mx upoeæne+me mnm uepe›nDumæ æ+mua+me +a 6onee æaw+oe æ ga++ɵu uoue+w gne coxpa+e+me wms+m, gne uo6egɵ +ag upowmæ+m›ou. Vue+me +e wepewa cauoo6naga+me uouoraew æecwm nD6ou 6ou, æ wou umcne ›ynau+ɵu. B wa›ou 6oD swo oco6e++o +eo6xogmuo, wa› ›a› uewgy upowmæ+m›aum ›opow›ae gmcwa+yme. B wa›mx ycnoæmex +yw+o ur+oæe++o


pearmpoæawa +a geucwæme couep+m›a, upegyragɵæawa mx, geucwæoæawa +a ouepewe+me m u+oroe gpyroe. Cupaæmwace c wa›ou sagaueu uowew wona›o ucmxmuec›m ycwouumæɵu uenoæe›, æɵ+ocnmæɵu, ænageDymu co6ou.

Ka› upaæmno, ouac+ocwa m yrposa wms+m coupewe+ɵ c uoeæne+meu wa›ou suoymm ›a› cwpax. O+a sauyc›aew æ uenoæe›e oupegene++ɵe uoæege+uec›me (suoymo+ana+ɵe m gæmrawena+ɵe) pea›ymm. B pesynawawe ogm+ uenoæe› +eupomsæona+o owcwyuaew m cuacaewce 6ercwæou, a gpyrou upoeæneew cauoo6naga+me m æcwyuaew æ 6ou. Bɵ6op uoæege+me saæmcmw ow ucmxonormuec›oro c›naga nmu+ocwm m yue+me upeogonewa cwpax, oænagewa cæomu wenou m uɵcneum. Cauoo6naga+me uouoraew æep+o oye+mwa cmwyaymD m pemmwa – 6mwa mnm 6ewawa. B peana+ou wms+m æaw+o æɵ6pawa upaæmna+yD wa›wm›y m m+orga nyume ms6ewawa 6oe.

Haupmuep, ecnm › æau +a weu+ou ynmye upm6nmwaewce rpyuua nDgeu, æosuow+o, upegcwaæneDyae yrposy gne æameu wms+m, nyume c +mum +e cæesɵæawace m y6ewawa. ¶pyroe geno, ecnm æɵ yuacwæyewe æ copeæ+oæa+mex, m uo6egmwa æ 6oD – æama uepæoouepeg+ae sagaua. 3geca pemaDyee geno uowew muewa æ+ywpe++mu +acwpou m yæepe++ocwa æ co6cwæe++ɵx cmnax.

boeæae swm›a m ucmxonorme 6ouya æsamuocæesa+ɵ. Tona›o ucmxonormuec›m uogrowoæne++ɵu uenoæe› uowew æecwm m æɵmrpawa 6ou, +e cnoumwace æ+ywpe++e uepeg cmna+ɵu upowmæ+m›ou, æoæpeue ocwa+oæmwace oyywmæ upemuyyecwæo m uoæepwe++ocwa upowmæ+m›a. Bnage+me co6ou ouɵw+ɵu 6oey upoeæneew +e wona›o æ ogm+ou+ou 6oe, ogm+ +a ogm+, +o m æ ›onne›wmæ+ou, ›orga +yw+o geucwæoæawa ›oua+gou m +e uoggawace, upm

cnyuae, æceo6yeu ua+m›e.

 

Ha Pycm upoæogmnaca 6opa6a +a uoecax. bopyɵ +a›no+enmca gpyr › gpyry m 6panmca py›aum sa uoec couep+m›a. 3aweu o+m 6oponmca m cwpeumnmca uogwaymwa gpyroro › ce6e, uepe6pocmwa uepes uneuo mnm ow›m+ywa æ cwopo+y.

 

Cwa+oæmwce uo+ew+o, uwo ›ynau+ɵu 6ou ›a› æmg cuopwa mnm 6oeæoro mc›yccwæa – +e upocwo gpa›a m gawe +e +a6op wex+muec›mx upmeuoæ. 3wo cmcweua 6oeæɵx s+a+mu m yue+mu, swo pa6owa +ag cæomu wenou m xapa›wepou. Moswouy wona›o Ømsmuec›mx yupaw+e+mu m m+cye+mpoæo› 6oe +e gocwawou+o gne uogrowoæ›m 6ouya, +eo6xogmua eye m ucmxonormuec›ae uogrowoæ›a. B +eu mcuonasyDwce pasnmu+ɵe wex+onormm – o6ue+ ouɵwou

c mue+mwɵum 6ouyaum, ucmxonormuec›me yupaw+e+me m wpe+m+rm. Og+a›o +aum+aewce o+a c msyue+me mcwopmm m wpagmymu 6oeæoro mc›yccwæa, æ ga++ou cnyuae, pycc›mx ›ynau+ɵx 6oeæ. O+m uouoraDw uo+ewa cyy+ocwa 6ouyoæc›oro gena, oyywmwa cæoD upm+agnew+ocwa ›

+apogy, upmo6ymwace › ero ›ynawype m +paæcwæe++ɵu ye++ocweu.

Tpagmymo++ɵe swmuec›me pycc›me 6oeæɵe +opuɵ owpawaDwce +a coæpeue++ou o6nm›e 6ouya Pagoropɵ. B m›onax pycc›oro ›ynau+oro 6oe ygeneDw æ+mua+me ucmxonormuec›ou uogrowoæ›e, ›owopae uouoraew æɵgepwawa 6ou.

Ha6nDgae sa cuopwmæ+ɵum copeæ+oæa+meum, uow+o sauewmwa, uwo og+m 6ouyɵ æegyw ce6e og+oo6pas+o, o+m uoxowm +a po6owoæ, ow6mæaDymx awa›y mnm +auagaDymx, a gpyrme – upmue+eDw pasnmu+ɵe upmeuɵ, a›wmæ+o uepeueyaDwce, ue+eDw cæoe uoæege+me m wa›mu o6pasou upeæpayaDw ucmxonormuec›mu uepeæec æ uo6egy. Mocneg+ee uoæege+me roæopmw o 6onamou cauoo6naga+mm, upeogone+mm cwpaxa m pa6owe +e wona›o uɵmy, +o m yua


Cwpax mueew pasnmu+ɵe cweue+m upoeæne+me – ow ner›ou +eyæepe++ocwm go ywaca m ua+m›m. feu 6onee æɵpawe+ cwpax, weu cnow+ee 6ouyy ›o+wponmpoæawa cmwyaymD m uo6egmwa upowmæ+m›a. B 6onamm+cwæe cnyuaeæ, nDgeu ygaewce upeogonewa cwpax æcwyumwa æ 6ou. Og+a›o 6ɵæaew, uwo cwpax upeæpayaewce æ ua+m›y, m uenoæe›, æce 6pocmæ, y6eraew, mnm ›orga cwpax upmæogmw › oyeue+e+mD. B uocneg+eu cnyuae, uenoæe› wepeew cuoco6+ocwa gæmrawace m coupowmænewace. Bcwyumwa æ ›ynau+ɵu 6ou upm wa›mx ucmxonormuec›mx oco6e++ocwex nmu+ocwm cnow+o. Xowe pa6owa +ag co6ou m wpe+mpoæ›m uouoryw upeogonewa cwpax m +ayumwace cauoo6naga+mD. Ecnm ecwa wa›ae yena, wo u+oroe æosuow+o. Hue++o uoswouy cuopw, æ wou umcne 6oeæɵe egm+o6opcwæa, cumwaewce og+mu ms nyummx cuoco6oæ Ømsmuec›oro cauocoæepme+cwæoæa+me m uouoraew gyxoæ+ouy pocwy.

B ›ynau+ou 6oD upomcxogmw 6nms›mu ›o+wa›w c upowmæ+m›ou, a swo o›asɵæaew 6onamoe ænme+me +a ucmxmuec›oe, æ wou umcne uɵcnmwena+oe m suoymo+ana+oe, cocwoe+me couep+m›oæ, ›owopoe æ cæoD ouepega owpawaewce +a mx 6oeæou rowoæ+ocwm.

B ›+mre «Mcmxonormuec›ae cauouogrowoæ›a › py›ouam+ouy 6oD» F. B. A+wo+oæa m H. A. Ma›apoæa oumcɵæaDwce wpm ›ouuo+e+wa rowoæ+ocwm › 6oD: uɵcnmwena+ɵu, suoymo+ana+ɵu m Ømsmuec›mu.

Mɵcnmwena+ɵu ›ouuo+e+w saæmcmw ow cuoco6+ocwm 6ouya æ 6oeæou o6cwa+oæ›e cocpegowoumwace +a una+e 6oeæɵx geucwæmu, owæneuace ow æ+ywpe++mx uepewmæa+mu m oupegenmwa yesæmuɵe uecwa upowmæ+m›a.

3uoymo+ana+ɵu ›ouuo+e+w cæesa+ c æos6ywge+meu m æon+e+meu. 3uoymm uoryw muewa pasnmu+yD cweue+a æɵpawe++ocwm (ow +ms›ou go æɵco›ou). Ecnm o+m upoeæneDwce y 6ouya yuepe++o, s+aumw o+ +axogmwce æ 6oeæou cocwoe+mm. Oye+mwa cæoe suoymo+ana+oe cocwoe+me uow+o pasnmu+ɵum cuoco6aum. Haupmuep, uo uacwowe uynaca. Mpm æon+e+mm uoæɵmaewce apwepmana+oe gaæne+me, uopou cmna+ee, ueu upm Ømsmuec›ou +arpys›e, m swo upmæogmw › yuaye+mD uynaca, uoeæne+mD cepgye6me+me. Bos6ywge+me m æon+e+me, a wa›we cocwoe+me asapwa, ænmeDw +a c›opocwa uɵmne+me m uacwowy upm+ewme +eæep+ɵx peme+mu.

¶ne coxpa+e+me 6oeæou rowoæ+ocwm 6ouyy æaw+o gepwawa uog ›o+wponeu suoymm. 0msmuec›mu ›ouuo+e+w 6oerowoæ+ocwm cæesa+ c wenec+ɵum oyyye+meum. 0msuogrowoæ›a

m pasum+›a uepeg 6oeu uouoraDw uogrowoæmwa uɵmyɵ m cycwaæɵ › gæmwe+mD.

Bceu yuacw+m›au py›ouam+ɵx, æ wou umcne ›ynau+ɵx 6oeæ, upmxogmwce cwan›mæawace c wa›mum suoymeum ›a› cwpax, mcuyr, snocwa, epocwa, uyæcwæo wanocwm. B saæmcmuocwm ow

+anmume m upeo6naga+me ›a›ou-nm6o ms +mx, 6oey uowew upoeæmwa wpycocwa mnm arpeccmD.

Ham6onee ouac+o gne ›ynau+m›a uoggawace cwpaxy. VDgeu, ›owopɵe 6ɵ coæceu +e mcuɵwɵæanm swo uyæcwæo, +e 6ɵæaew. Og+a›o æaw+o +ayumwace cupaænewace c +mu, m+aue æam +acwpou paspymmw 6oerowoæ+ocwa. Korga cwpax uepewmæaewce æ yuepe++ou cweue+m, swo cwmuynmpyew yucwæe++yD a›wmæ+ocwa m uouoraew +axogmwa æ 6oD æep+oe peme+me – upmue+mwa uogxogeymu upmeu. Hs6ɵwo› cwpaxa uapanmsyew m sacwaæneew omm6awace, æegew

› uopawe+mD gawe upm Ømsmuec›ou upeæocxogcwæe. 3acwɵæmmu cwpax uopowgaew wpycocwa, o+ uogwan›mæaew › 6ercwæy, upegawenacwæy. Ta›mu o6pasou, gne 6ouya upeogonewa cwpax os+auaew age›æaw+o oye+mwa cmwyaymD, uonowe+me upowmæ+m›a m upm6nmsmwace › uo6ege. Cupaæmæmmca c æon+e+meu m cwpaxou, o+ uowew upeogonewa 6onee cmna+oro upowmæ+m›a c uouoyaD xmwpocwm, noæ›ocwm, +ecwa+gapw+oro æ ga++ɵu uoue+w 6oeæoro uoæege+me.

3nocwa o6aec+eewce æpawge6+ocwaD +acwpoe uo ow+ome+mD › upowmæ+m›y m wena+meu cpasmwace c +mu. B owmga+mm 6oe, o+a uouoraew co6pawace c cmnaum, s+eprewmuec›m

+acwpomwace +a uoegm+o›. Ecnm upowmæ+m› æɵsɵæaew eye wa›me suoymm, ›a› upespe+me mnm owæpaye+me, wo snocwa cwa+oæmwce cmna+o æɵpawe++ou. Ee uoeæne+me æ owæew +a o6mgɵ,


+acmnme, oc›op6ne+me æuon+e ecwecwæe++o. Mpoeæne+me snocwm æ +am6onameu cweue+m – epocwa. 3wa suoyme c wpygou uoggaewce ›o+wponD. O+a ocneuneew uenoæe›a m uopowgaew arpeccmD. Mog æosgeucwæmeu epocwm 6oey wepeew cuoco6+ocwa age›æaw+o uɵcnmwa m cwa+oæmwce yesæmuɵu gne upowmæ+m›a. Æpocwa uowew uououa +a+ecwm pemaDymu cuepwena+ɵu ygap æ ycnoæmex æoe++ɵx geucwæmu. B cuopwmæ+ɵx copeæ+oæa+mex o+a sacwaæneew +a+ocmwa couep+m›y wewenɵe wpaæuɵ, uwo +e æcerga oupaæga+o.

Mpogonwmwena+ae snocwa uo ow+ome+mD › og+ouy o6ae›wy upeæpayaewce æ +e+aæmcwa. B ownmume ow epocwm, swo +e æcunec›, a uogaæne+me suoymu.

¶ne woro, uwo6ɵ æcwyumwa æ 6ou, +eo6xogmua arpeccme. O+a sacwaæneew geucwæoæawa, uogumwɵæaeca +erawmæ+ɵum suoymeum (snocwaD, epocwaD, +e+aæmcwaD). Ho, c yuewou æɵmemsnowe++oro, uow+o cgenawa æɵæog, uwo gnmwena+o æspaymæawa æ ce6e snocwa › upowmæ+m›y uepeg 6oeu uanosØØe›wmæ+o gne uo6egɵ. Xowe y ›awgoro 6ouya uoryw 6ɵwa m+gmæmgyana+ɵe ownmume ow+ocmwena+o upmxoga æ 6oeæyD rowoæ+ocwa.

Aæwopɵ ›+mrm «Mcmxonormuec›ae cauouogrowoæ›a › py›ouam+ouy 6oD» F. B. A+wo+oæ m

H. A. Ma›apoæ o6aec+eDw upoeæne+me wanocwm æpowge++ou suoymo+ana+ou uyæcwæmwena+ocwaD m cuoco6+ocwaD couepewmæawa gpyrouy uenoæe›y. O+m uepeumcneDw pasnmu+ɵe suoymo+ana+ɵe Øopuɵ – couyæcwæme, nac›y, wena+me sa6owmwace, uoyagmwa. B peana+ou wms+m upowmæ+m› m+orga uɵwaewce æɵsæawa wanocwa o6ua+umæɵu uoæege+meu, geuo+cwpmpye cwpaga+me m pa+ɵ. Mpoeænewa uyæcwæa æ 6oD æ ycnoæmex æoe++ɵx geucwæmu æ ow+ome+mm upowmæ+m›a +egouycwmuo. B cuopwmæ+ɵx copeæ+oæa+mex m ynmu+ou gpa›e uow+o upoeæmwa umnocwa › upomrpaæmeuy, ocos+aæae uocnegcwæme. B upoyecce uogrowoæ›m

› 6oD wanocwa +eo6xogmuo mc›ope+ewa. Tona›o worga uow+o geucwæoæawa cueno, pemmwena+o m +a+ocmwa ygapɵ wou+o æ yena. Ecnm wanocwa æ 6oD xowa +a um+ywy gacw o ce6e s+awa, wo æɵmrpawa æpeg nm ygacwce, c›opee æcero, æac wyw we +acwmr+ew uopawe+me. Og+a›o +yw+o uou+mwa o pasyu+ocwm uenoæeuec›mx upoeæne+mu m +e cwomw æɵpa6awɵæawa æ ce6e wecwo›ocwa uo ow+ome+mD ›o æceu upegcwaæmweneu o6yecwæa.

Mcmxonormuec›ae uogrowoæ›a gne upoØeccmo+ana+ɵx 6ouyoæ m cuopwcue+oæ upoxogmw æ

+ec›ona›o swauoæ. B ump+oe æpeue mnm æ+e copeæ+oæa+mu o+m uonyuaDw +eo6xogmuɵe oc+oæ+ɵe s+a+me uo ucmxonormm, ›owopɵe uouoraDw æɵpa6owawa +eo6xogmuɵe gne 6ouya

›auecwæa. Ta›we +a swou swaue ocæamæaDwce pasnmu+ɵe upmeuɵ ucmxonormuec›ou cauouogrowoæ›m, ›owopɵe æ gana+eumeu mcuonasyDwce uepeg 6oeu m +euocpegcwæe++o æ py›ouam+ou 6oD.

bonamoe s+aue+me gne 6ouya mueDw æoneæɵe ›auecwæa (+acwouumæocwa, pemmwena+ocwa, cauoo6naga+me). Hue++o o+m uouoraDw uacaum pa6owawa +a wpe+mpoæ›ax, upeogoneæawa ycwanocwa, cwpax, æcwyumwa æ 6ou.

Baw+oe s+aue+me æ ucmxonormuec›ou uogrowoæ›e 6ouya mueew +acwpou. 3apewaeca snocwaD, æaw+o coxpa+mwa age›æaw+yD oye+›y upowmæ+m›a. He cwomw upeyæenmumæawa ero upeæocxogcwæo, +yw+o æɵeæmwa ero cna6ɵe cwopo+ɵ m 6ɵwa rowoæɵu › +eowmga++ɵu cmwyaymeu. Ecnm mueewce ›a›ae-nm6o m+Øopuayme o upowmæ+m›e (upeguoumwaeuɵe 6oeæɵe wex+m›m, oco6e++ocwm uoæege+me), wo uow+o upomrpawa uɵcne++o +e›owopɵe æosuow+ɵe cmwyaymm, æcuou+mwa cæom upemuyyecwæa m cmwyaymm mx mcuonasoæa+me. B ycnoæmex peana+oro 6oe (cuopwmæ+oro mnm æoe++oro) uoryw cnowmwace cauɵe +eowmga++ɵe cmwyaymm, uoswouy +eo6xogmuo coxpa+ewa rowoæ+ocwa uepecwpamæawace m upm+muawa peme+me uo xogy 6oe.

Mo›asawa cæoD 6oerowoæ+ocwa uouoraew uosa (pasnmuaDwce, æ saæmcmuocwm ow egm+o6opcwæ). O+a uouoraew +acwpomwace, uogrowoæmwace › gæmwe+mD m awa›e, upmæogmw æ


wo+yc +eo6xogmuɵe uɵmyɵ m upeæpayaew weno æ 6oeæou uexa+msu. Ecnm 6oey upm+en wa›yD uosy, s+aumw awa›a upowmæ+m›a ero +e cpasmna, m o+ rowoæ upogonwmwa 6ou. Mpm+eæ 6oeæyD uosy, uow+o +a ›opow›oe æpeue sauepewa, uwo6ɵ co6pawace c cmnaum m owgɵmawace.

B nD6ou 6oD, æ wou umcne ›ynau+ou, couep+m›m cwan›mæaDwce c 6onaD. 3wo Ømsmuec›oe cwpaga+me æɵæogmw ms cocwoe+me 6oecuoco6+ocwm, m +yw+o yuewa ero upeogoneæawa gne woro, uwo6ɵ ogepwawa uo6egy. Oco6e++o æaw+o swo æ 6oD, +e cæesa++ou co cuopwmæ+ɵum copeæ+oæa+meum.

boneæɵe oyyye+me ycmnmæaDwce uog æosgeucwæmeu cwpaxa. B xoge 6oe, ›orga suoymm owxogew +a æwopou una+, rnaæ+oe – coxpa+mwa ec+ocwa uɵmne+me m uew›ocwa geucwæmu, uacwo 6ouyɵ +e saueuaDw +es+aumwena+ɵx wpaæu. Korga uepæoouepeg+ou sagaueu eæneewce æɵwmæa+me, wo gawe wewenɵe pa+e+me uoryw ocwawace +esaueue++ɵum. 3wo cæesa+o c ms6mpawena+ocwaD æ+mua+me m ero cocpegowoue+mm +a 6onee æaw+ou æ ga++ɵu uoue+w.

bona æ ue+ameu cweue+m oyyyaewce, ecnm 6oey +axogmwce æ cocwoe+mm snocwm mnm epocwm. Ecnm o+ uosæoneew ce6e uouyæcwæoæawa 6ona, wo swo +e ocwaewce +esaueue++ɵu upowmæ+m›ou, ›owopɵu wyw we +aum+aew uyæcwæoæawa cæoe upemuyyecwæo. B 6oD æaw+o geuo+cwpmpoæawa rowoæ+ocwa geucwæoæawa 6es upouegne+me, uoswouy 6ona +e upoeæneew ce6e æ uon+ou uepe. Ecnm 6oey ms+auana+o +e 6omwce 6onm, w. e. upocwo o +eu +e gyuaew, o+ upeogoneæaew ee m +e æɵgaew cæomx cwpaga+mu upowmæ+m›y +m umum›ou, +m cwo+aum, +m æɵ+ywge++ɵu uonowe+meu wena.

¶ne woro, uwo6ɵ cupaæmwace c co6ou m coxpa+mwa 6oecuoco6+oe cocwoe+me, uow+o mcuonasoæawa +ec›ona›o upmeuoæ. B ›ynau+ou 6oD, ›orga upowmæ+m› +axogmwce æ

+euocpegcwæe++ou 6nmsocwm, geucwæoæawa +yw+o 6ɵcwpo, m 6ona uowew ocwawace

+esaueue++ou. Ecnm we cmwyayme cnowmnaca wa›mu o6pasou, uwo gmcwa+yme uewgy upowmæ+m›aum yæenmumnaca, wo uoeæneewce æpeue gne ocos+a+me pa+e+me, mue++o æ swow uoue+w +enase uoggaæawace 6onm. B ›+mre «Mcmxonormuec›ae cauouogrowoæ›a › py›ouam+ouy 6oD» aæwopɵ upegnaraDw æocuonasoæawace gɵxawena+ou wex+m›ou, yupaæne+meu umum›ou m upm+ewmeu 6oeæou uosɵ. 3wm we upmeuɵ uouoryw upeogonewa 6ona m uocne o›o+ua+me 6oe.

B uogrowoæ›e › 6oD mcuonasyDwce pasnmu+ɵe wex+onormm. Moryw 6ɵwa upmue+e+ɵ

›naccmuec›mu aywowpe+m+r, coæpeue++oe HVM mnm wpagmymo++ɵe y pas+ɵx +apogoæ c+ago6ae c +ap›owmuec›mum ›ouuo+e+waum. Bce swauɵ uogrowoæ›m +aupaæne+ɵ +a upeogone+me cwpaxa m uoæɵme+me 6oerowoæ+ocwm.

 

B uepæyD ouepega, upm uoeæne+mm 6onm +eo6xogmuo æocuonasoæawace wex+m›ou ycuo›amæaDyero gɵxa+me. Bgox genauwe +erny6o›mu, cuo›ou+ɵu, saweu rny6o›mu upogonwmwena+ɵu æɵgox, m æɵgepwmwe gɵxawena+yD uaysy æ 1 – 2 ce›y+gɵ. Bɵgox uo æpeue+m gonwe+ 6ɵwa æ 2 pasa upogonwmwena+ee ægoxa. Ta›oe gɵxa+me uosæoneew paccna6mwace m ycuo›omwace. Hec›ona›o ægoxoæ m æɵgoxoæ æ wa›ou pmwue uouoraDw upmuwm æ ce6e m +auawa geucwæoæawa.

Kawgɵu 6oey æ xoge u+oroumcne++ɵx wpe+mpoæo› æɵpa6awɵæaew gne ce6e oupegene++yD

«uac›y». Ta›mu o6pasou o+ genaew æɵpawe+me nmya +eupo+myaeuɵu m c›pɵæaew cæom suoymm m mcwm++oe cocwoe+me ow upowmæ+m›a. Mpm cmna+ou 6onm +a nmye uoeæneewce


rpmuaca cwpaga+me. Ecnm uocwapawace paccna6mwa uɵmyɵ nmya, sawɵn›a m mem, uow+o yue+ammwa 6oneæɵe oyyye+me m c›pɵwa cæoe cocwoe+me ow upowmæ+m›a. Vue+me 6ɵcwpo paccna6newace +eo6xogmuo æɵpa6awɵæawa uo uepe ocæoe+me egm+o6opcwæ.

 

 

Oco6e++ocwu pyccıoro ıynau+oro 6oe

 

3+a+me o wex+m›e æege+me pycc›oro ›ynau+oro 6oe uepegaæanmca +a Pycm ow uo›one+me › uo›one+mD. ¶ewm +a6nDganm sa yuacwmeu æ ›ynau+ɵx 6oex owyoæ, cnymanm pacc›asɵ gegoæ m +a›aunmæanm cæou ouɵw. Hapog+ae mcwopme m uygpocwa uepegaDwce ms ycw æ ycwa m wa›mu o6pasou coxpa+eDwce +a upowewe+mm u+ormx cwonewmu. O 6orawɵpex pycc›mx cnowe+o u+owecwæo 6ɵnm+ m c›aso›, ›owopɵe pacc›asɵæaDw 6a6ym›m cæomu æ+y›au. C pa++mx new uanaum›m +a Pycm cnymanm mx, m caum xowenm cwawa repoeum, uogpawae æspocnɵu o+m ycwpamæanm ynmu+ɵe 6om. B uogpocw›oæou æospacwe o+m ywe yuenm æecwm ›ynau+ɵu 6ou m ænagenm oc+oæ+ɵum upmeuaum. Tpagmymo++ɵe ›ynau+ɵe 6om eænenmca +eupeue++ɵu ycnoæmeu æspocne+me D+omeu m uouoranm cwawa æom+aum.

Pycc›mu ›ynau+ɵu 6ou mueew cxogcwæa m ownmume c gpyrmum æmgaum 6oeæɵx mc›yccwæ. Aæwop ›+mrm «3aueu ›ynau+ouy 6oD ØmnocoØme» A. Œ. Tenyxm+ o6aec+eew cxogcwæa æ upmeuax egm+o6opcwæ ucmxoØmsmonormuec›mum m a+awoumuec›mum oco6e++ocweum nDgeu. VDgm nD6ou +aymo+ana+ocwm mueDw ogm+a›oæoe cwpoe+me wena m ogm+a›oæo pearmpyDw +a 6ona, æos+m›aDyyD upm ygape. Ham6onee uyæcwæmwena+ɵe m yesæmuɵe so+ɵ +a mx wene wa›we coæuagaDw. Ouop+o-gæmrawena+ɵu auuapaw mueew y æcex ogm+a›oæyD 6mouexa+m›y, æega uosæo+ou+m› m cycwaæɵ æuecwe c uɵmyaum m cæes›aum upegcwaæneDw co6ou cmcweuy pɵuaroæ m map+mpoæ, upmæogeymx æ gæmwe+me +ame weno. B pesynawawe æ o6ymx uepwax wex+m›m 6oeæɵx mc›yccwæ pas+ɵx +apogoæ mueDw +e›owopoe cxogcwæo.

Bce wex+m›m m upmeuɵ py›ouam+oro 6oe uogpasgeneDwce +a ygap+ɵe, 6poc›oæɵe m cuema++ɵe. B 6oeæɵx mc›yccwæax, oc+oæa++ɵx +a ygap+ɵx wex+m›ax, upmue+eDwce ygapɵ pas+ɵum uacweum wena. Pycc›mu ›ynau+ɵu 6ou wa›we oc+oæɵæaewce +a ygap+ɵx upmeuax. B

+eu ygapɵ upowmæ+m›y +a+ocewce +e wona›o py›aum, +o wa›we +oraum m m+orga ronoæou. Ha+ocmwa ygapɵ py›aum uow+o uo-pas+ouy. Mpmnowmwace › weny upowmæ+m›a uow+o

›yna›ou (6o›oæou uoæepx+ocwaD ›yna›a, Øana+raum cor+ywɵx uanayeæ m æɵcwyuaDymum

›ocwem›aum +a wɵna+ou cwopo+e), no›weu.

bpoc›oæɵe wex+m›m æ ›ynau+ou 6oD mcuonasyDwce æ ue+ameu cweue+m. Og+a›o coæceu 6es +mx +e o6ouwmca, wa› ›a› o+m uosæoneDw æɵæecwm couep+m›a ms paæ+oæecme m owganmwa ero. Ka›me upmeuɵ mcuonasoæawa – ›awgɵu 6oey pemaew uo xogy 6oe. feu 6onammu

›onmuecwæou wex+m› m upmeuoæ o+ ænageew, weu 6oname y +ero æosuow+ocwm upeogonewa couep+m›a.

Pycc›me ›ynau+ɵe 6om uogpasgeneDwce +a m+gmæmgyana+ɵe m rpyuuoæɵe. B ›awgou cnyuae mcuonasyDwce cæom wex+m›m m upmeuɵ. ¶ne uoegm+›a 6onamoe s+aue+me mueDw cmnoæɵe upmeuɵ. Cmna+ɵu ygap uouoraew æɵæecwm ms cwpoe couep+m›a +a ›opow›ou gmcwa+ymm m ogepwawa uo6egy. B rpyuuoæou 6oD oco6oe s+aue+me mueew ›o+wpona upocwpa+cwæa æo›pyr ce6e m cuoco6+ocwa æ +eu uepeueyawace æ saæmcmuocwm ow cnowmæmeuce cmwyaymm. B +eu mcuonasyDwce upmeuɵ, uosæoneDyme ow6mwa awa›y cpasy

+ec›ona›mx +auagaDymx.

Ow gpyrmx 6oeæɵx mc›yccwæ pycc›mu ›ynau+ɵu 6ou ownmuaewce wa›we y+mæepcana+ocwaD. B ownmume ow egm+o6opcwæ, cwaæmmx uouynep+ɵum æmgaum cuopwa, gne pycc›oro ›ynau+oro


6oe +e +yw+ɵ cueymana+ɵe ycnoæme. Bce, ueu ænageew 6oey (upmeuɵ, wex+m›m), uow+o æɵuon+mwa æ nD6ɵx ycnoæmex, æ wou umcne ynmu+ɵx. B+e cuopwmæ+oro sana, 6es cueymana+ou ogewgɵ m æ nD6ou o6yæm upmeuɵ pycc›oro ›ynau+oro 6oe upmue+muɵ æ uon+ou uepe. Hx uow+o mcuonasoæawa gne cauosaymwɵ upm æ+esau+ou +auage+mm. B wa›ou cmwyaymm +eo6xogmuo geucwæoæawa 6ɵcwpo m wou+o. B ownmume ow æocwou+ɵx egm+o6opcwæ, æ pycc›ou ›ynau+ou 6oD +e mcuonasyDwce opmrm+ana+ɵe cwou›m m uaccɵ py›aum. A›ye+w genaewce +a yue+mm æsamuogeucwæoæawa c upowmæ+m›ou æ 6oD. ¶ne sworo æaw+ɵ upocwpa+cwæe++ɵe uepeueye+me æ nD6ɵx ycnoæmex, yue+me ocæo6ogmwce ow saxæawa, saymwmwace ow ygapa. Oco6oe s+aue+me mueew æosuow+ocwa æecwm 6ou c +ec›ona›mum

+auagaDymum. B swou cnyuae mcuonasyDwce upmeuɵ, +ayene++ɵe +a +am6onee yesæmuɵe so+ɵ (ygapɵ uo rnasau, æ uax) wena upowmæ+m›a, m +ew +m›a›mx orpa+mue+mu. Oænagewa upmeuaum pycc›oro ›ynau+oro 6oe uow+o sa 6onee ›opow›oe æpeue, ueu upmeuaum u+ormx æocwou+ɵx egm+o6opcwæ. 3geca +yw+ɵ xopomae Ømsmuec›ae Øopua, cmna, æɵ+ocnmæocwa, m

+ew +eo6xogmuocwm ynyumawa pacwew›y uɵmy m rm6›ocwa ›a›, +aupmuep, æ ›apaws.

Pycc›mu ›ynau+ɵu 6ou uacwo cpaæ+mæaDw c 6o›cou. Og+a›o uewgy swmum egm+o6opcwæaum u+oro ownmumu. B 6o›ce 6ouyɵ æɵcwyuaDw ogm+ +a ogm+, a pycc›mu

›ynau+ɵu 6ou uowew 6ɵwa +e wona›o uoegm+›oæɵu, +o m rpyuuoæɵu. B ›+mre «Hc›yccwæo py›ouam+oro 6oe» H. H. Os+o6mmm+ pacc›asɵæaew o wou, ›a› 6o›c co æpeue+eu æmgomsue+ence. Hs+auana+o 6o›cepɵ cpawanmca 6es uepuawo›, uwo genano ygapɵ ue+ee cmna+ɵum. fwo6ɵ ogonewa couep+m›a, o+m mcuonasoæanm pasnmu+ɵe 6poc›oæɵe upmeuɵ, uacwo genanm saxæawɵ, uog+ow›m. bo›c uo+auany +auoum+an py›ouam+ɵu 6ou, m uo6egmwa æ +eu 6ɵno cnow+o. Ta›ou 6ou upogonwance gonro m sa›a+umæance uaye uowouy, uwo ogm+ ms couep+m›oæ æɵ6mæance ms cmn. Moswouy ms+auana+o 6o›c ycwyuan pycc›ouy ›ynau+ouy 6oD æ sØØe›wmæ+ocwm mcuonasyeuɵx upmeuoæ m æosuow+ocwm owpasmwa æ+esau+oe

+auage+me +a ynmye. Mocweue++o 6o›c pasæmæance, y cuopwcue+oæ uoeæmnaca coæpeue++ae s›mumpoæ›a, æ wou umcne uepuaw›m. 3wo upmæeno › msue+e+mD wex+m›m 6oe, uoeæne+mD

+oæɵx upmeuoæ, uosæoneDymx +a+ocmwa 6onee cmna+ɵe ygapɵ upowmæ+m›y. B +acwoeyee æpeue 6o›c ow+ocmwce › spenmy+ɵu æmgau cuopwa, m æ +eu geucwæyDw oupegene++ɵe upaæmna, ›owopɵe uosæoneDw c m+wepecou +a6nDgawa sa cocwesa+meu. CyyecwæyDw æ 6o›ce m saupeye++ɵe upmeuɵ.

Pycc›mu ›ynau+ɵu 6ou 6oname opme+wmpoæa+ +a ycnoæme peana+ou wms+m. Ero uow+o æecwm æ nD6ɵx ycnoæmex, upmue+ee nD6ɵe upmeuɵ. Mpm +eowmga++ou +auage+mm upmeuɵ pycc›oro ›ynau+oro 6oe uouoryw saymwmwce æ 6onameu cweue+m. Hecwa+gapw+ɵe gne 6oe ycnoæme m owcywcwæme uepuawo› uoryw uoueyawa ouɵw+ouy 6o›cepy 6ɵcwpo cpearmpoæawa m uo6egmwa upowmæ+m›a. Kynau+ɵe 6ouyɵ ue+ee saæmcmuɵ ow ycnoæmu, æ ›owopɵx upoxogmw 6ou, m æcerga «upm opywmm».

Ownmume uewgy pycc›mu ›ynau+ɵu 6oeu m 6o›cou sa›nDuaDwce wa›we æ oco6e++ocwex cwoe› m cuoco6ax uepeueye+me 6ouyoæ. B +mx uo pas+ouy +a+ocmwce ygap py›ou. B

›ynau+ou 6oe 6onee a›wmæ+o pa6owaew no›owa. Hueewce m u+oro gpyrmx wex+muec›mx ownmumu.

Tex+m›m m upmeuɵ pycc›oro ›ynau+oro 6oe +apa6awɵæanmca æe›aum, uoswouy u+orme coæpeue++ɵe m›onɵ py›ouam+oro 6oe oc+oæɵæaDwce mue++o +a +mx. O+m æ 6onameu cweue+m opme+wmpoæa+ɵ +a saymwy, ueu +a +auage+me. Ho upm swou o+m uosæoneDw saymyawace wa›mu o6pasou, uwo6ɵ ow6mwa awa›y m upeogonewa couep+m›a. O6yue+me pycc›ouy ›ynau+ouy 6oD +eo6xogmuo upoæogmwa +a upa›wm›e. ¶ne ero uo+mua+me m ocæoe+me 6onamoe s+aue+me mueew o6ye+me c wpe+epou. Moumuo msyue+me


+euocpegcwæe++o upmeuoæ ›ynau+oro 6oe, +eo6xogmuo ynyume+me o6yeu Ømsmuec›ou uogrowoæ›m.

¶ne pycc›oro ›ynau+oro 6oe xapa›wep+ɵ 6ɵcwpowa gæmwe+mu. bouyɵ +e sa+muaDw cueymana+ɵx cwoe› uepeg +a+ece+meu ygapa, wa› ›a› paccwoe+me uewgy +mum uaye æcero um+muana+oe. B oc+oæ+ou, o+m mcuonasyDw ygap+ɵe upmeuɵ, æɵuon+eeuɵe +e wona›o py›aum, +o m +oraum, m æ peg›mx cnyuaex mcuonasyDw saxæaw+ɵe upmeuɵ. Oc+oæy pycc›oro

›ynau+oro 6oe cocwaæneDw wecw›me ›ocɵe ygapɵ, ›owopɵe couewaDwce c 6poc›aum uepes rpyga, uogceu›aum m uog+ow›aum. Mpmue+eDwce æ ›ynau+ou 6oD saxæawɵ, uogo6+ɵe upmeuau cau6o.

Mogpo6+o o6 oco6e++ocwex pycc›oro ›ynau+oro 6oe pacc›asɵæaew M. B. Hawy+oæ æ ywe yuoue+ywou ›+mre «Pycc›mu ›ynau+ɵu 6ou». bouyɵ +e mcuonasyDw uepuawo› mnm ›a›oro- nm6o opywme. B xoge 6oe o+m uoryw 6mwa uo +am6onee uyæcwæmwena+ɵu uacweu wena, a wa›we uo cum+e, sawɵn›y m +orau. O+m mcuonasyDw saxæaw+ɵe upmeuɵ gne woro, uwo6ɵ +a+ecwm 6onee cmna+ɵu ygap. HueDwce æ pycc›ou ›ynau+ou 6oe m wex+muec›me ownmume ow gpyrmx 6oeæɵx m›on. Haupmuep, +e mcuonasyewce 6no›oæae saymwa. Ow ygapa upowmæ+m›a noæ›o y›no+eDwce mnm cwpeuewce, uwo6ɵ ygap o›asance c›onaseymu. B pycc›ou ›ynau+ou 6oD upmue+eDw æ›nm+mæa+me ygapa, ›orga ygap upowmæ+m›a uepe6mæaewce æcwpeu+ɵu ygapou, æosuow+o sagaænmæa+me ygapa, ›orga upowmæ+m›y +e gaDw coæepmmwa sagyua++oe geucwæme. Bo æpeue ygapa ›yna› 6ouya gæmwewce ow uneua, upm a›wmæ+ou gæmwe+mm æ no›weæou cycwaæe. Mpm swou mcuonasyewce upm+ymu ›nm+oo6pas+ou ›o+ye+wpaymm. Mo u+e+mD M. B. Hawy+oæa, sa+muaDyeroce egm+o6opcwæaum u+oro new, æ pycc›ou ›ynau+ou 6oD +e cyyecwæyew uew›mx cye+apmeæ. bonamoe pas+oo6pasme upmeuoæ uosæoneew ycuem+o æecwm æ 6ou c nD6ɵu upowmæ+m›ou. K oco6e++ocweu pycc›oro ›ynau+oro 6oe ow+ocmwce wou+ae

+ayene++ocwa ygapa. faye æcero ›yna› 6ouya +aupaæneewce m gocwmraew py›, +or m ronoæɵ upowmæ+m›a. Bce upmeuɵ æɵuon+eDwce oue+a 6ɵcwpo, upm +eo6xogmuocwm geucwæme uoryw uoæwopewace. ¶eucwæme 6ouyoæ owpa6owa+ɵ, m owæew+ae pea›yme +a ygap æos+m›aew uouwm aæwouawmuec›m. B 6oD upoeæneDwce arpeccmæ+ɵe suoymm, ›owopɵe ›awgɵu 6oey uoggepwmæaew m uogumwɵæaew æ ce6e.

Pagoropa, ›a› m u+orme gpyrme 6oeæɵe m›onɵ (upoume æmgɵ cnaæe+o-ropmy›ou 6opa6ɵ, cmcweua Kagou+m›oæa), ow+ocmwce › py›ouam+ouy 6oD. Og+a›o æ +eu +e mcuonasyewce

+m›a›oe opywme. bou c upowmæ+m›ou æegewce wona›o «ronɵum py›aum».

 

C yuewou æcex ownmumwena+ɵx oco6e++ocweu, cwa+oæmwce uo+ew+o, uoueuy pycc›mu

›ynau+ɵu 6ou eæneewce +e upocwo æmgou cuopwa mnm 6oeæɵu mc›yccwæou. O+ mueew 6onamoe upa›wmuec›oe s+aue+me æ py›ouam+ou cxæaw›e c upowmæ+m›ou, oco6e++o upm

+eowmga++ou +auage+mm.

 

 

Tex+uıa pyccıoro ıynau+oro 6oe

 

Pagoropa – swo cmcweua ›ynau+oro 6oe, æ ›owopou ›awgɵu upmeu æɵuon+eewce oupegene++ɵu o6pasou m mueew cæoe +as+aue+me. B +eu mcuonasyDwce wex+m›m m upmeuɵ


›a› wpagmymo++ɵe, +apa6owa++ɵe æe›aum, wa› m coæpeue++ɵe, paspa6owa++ɵe A. K. benoæɵu. Ecwa upmeuɵ, uosæoneDyme +a+ecwm ygap upowmæ+m›y py›aum, ronoæou m +oraum. Ouɵw+ɵe 6ouyɵ Pagoropɵ xopomo ænageDw cæomu wenou, 6ɵcwpo pearmpyD m upa›wmuec›m æ nD6ou cmwyaymm uoryw o›asawa coupowmæne+me +auagaDyeuy.

Bce nDgm genewce +a upaæmeu m neæmeu, uwo o6ycnoæne+o æpowge++ɵum oco6e++ocweum ye+wpana+ou +epæ+ou cmcweuɵ m æocumwa+meu. Moswouy y 6onamm+cwæa nDgeu og+a py›a eæneewce æegyyeu, a æwopae ue+ame yuacwæyew æ a›wmæ+ɵx geucwæmex. Ecnm æ 6oD æcwpeuaDwce gæa upaæopy›mx mnm neæopy›mx uenoæe›a, wo mu upocwo æsamuogeucwæoæawa.

O+m xopomo 6ygyw uo+muawa +auepe+me m geucwæme upowmæ+m›a m uoryw mcuonasoæawa msæecw+ɵe mu upmeuɵ m wa›wm›y. 3+aumwena+o wpyg+ee æecwm 6ou c upowmæ+m›ou, y

›owoporo æegyyae py›a ownmuaewce ow æameu. B swou cnyuae ue+eDwce æce opme+wmpɵ m wpyg+o uepecwpomwce, c›o+ye+wpmpoæawace m upowmæocwoewa cmna+ouy +eo6ɵu+ouy couep+m›y. ¶ne woro, uwo6ɵ cwawa y+mæepcana+ɵu 6ouyou m uo6egmwa æ nD6ou cxæaw›e, M.

B. Hawy+oæ, eæneDymuce aæwopou ›+mrm «Pycc›mu ›ynau+ɵu 6ou» m sa+muaDymuce egm+o6opcwæaum +a upowewe+mm wpex gecewmnewmu ›a› cuopwcue+ m upeuogaæawena, pe›oue+gyew wpe+mpoæawa cpasy o6e py›m. Bce wex+m›m m upmeuɵ uow+o ocæamæawa, c+auana, æegyyeu, a saweu gpyrou py›ou. 3wo og+oæpeue++o 6ygew cuoco6cwæoæawa pasæmwmD uowop+ɵx so+ æ o6omx uonymapmex ronoæ+oro uosra, uwo uosæonmw 6ɵcwpee m wou+ee pearmpoæawa +a upomcxogeyee æo æpeue 6oe. Xowe æ ›pmwmuec›ou cmwyaymm uaye æcero uenoæe› +aum+aew geucwæoæawa upmæɵu+ɵu o6pasou, swo uowew upm+ecwm uonasy. Haupmuep, upm wpaæue æegyyeu py›m uow+o upogonwmwa 6ou gpyrou. Bɵuon+e+me 6oeæɵx upmeuoæ o6emum py›aum uowew upmrogmwace æ wms+m æ pas+ɵx cmwyaymex.

Bce 6oeæɵe upmeuɵ æ Pagorope uogpasgeneDwce +a 3 rpyuuɵ. O+m æ›nDuaDw saceu+ɵe ygapɵ, æɵuon+eeuɵe uo ›pyroæɵu wpae›wopmeu gæmwe+me, ygapɵ c ›pɵna, +a+ocmuɵe no›weum m upeguneuaeum m upeuɵe ygapɵ, mcuonasyeuɵe æ cwe+om+ou 6oD. Ta›we æ pycc›ou ›ynau+ou 6oD gouyc›aDwce ygapɵ ronoæou, uneuou. B +eu mcuonasyDwce pasnmu+ɵe saymw+ɵe upmeuɵ, 6onamae uacwa ›owopɵx æsewa ms upa›wm›m cwe+om+ɵx 6oeæ m upmeuɵ cæmnm (c uoæopowaum m c›pyumæa+meum).

B ›ynau+ou 6oe wpagmymo++o upmue+eewce ygap ›yna›ou (pas+ɵum cwopo+aum), a wa›we nago+aD. B +e›owopɵx cnyuaex, ygap coæepmaewce nago+aD c owæege++ɵu 6onammu uanayeu (ouneyxa) mnm cnowe++ou æ æmge nogou›m (sawpeym+a). B 6oD æaw+a uocwa+oæ›a ygapa. ¶ne sworo +yw+o ænagewa ›mcwaD m yuewa 6ɵcwpo cwmuawa m paccna6newa ›yna›m.

3wm geucwæme A. K. benoæ +asɵæaew ›nm+oo6pas+ou ›o+ye+wpaymeu. Bɵuon+eewce o+a uo oupegene++ou cxeue (pmc. 2).


 

 

Pmcy+o› 2. 3wauɵ ›nm+oo6pas+ou

›o+ye+wpaymm: 1 – paccna6ne++ae ›mcwa; 2 – cwawɵu m +aupewe++ɵu ›yna›; 3 –

ocna6ne++ɵu ›yna›

 

B uoue+w æɵgæmwe+me py›m gne ygapa uo upowmæ+m›y, ›mcwa gonw+a 6ɵwa paccna6ne+a. Haupaænee py›y › yenm, æɵ +aum+aewe cwmuawa ›mcwa m, gocwmr+yæ upowmæ+m›a, +a+ocmwe ygap ›yna›ou. Hue++o upm ygape ›yna› gonwe+ 6ɵwa +aupewe+, worga æamm ycmnme gocwmr+yw yenm, m ygap uonyumwce cmna+ɵu. Mocne sworo py›y paccna6neDw, +o +e paswmuaDw ›mcwm uon+ocwaD. Ta›mu o6pasou æɵuon+eDwce wpm swaua ›nm+oo6pas+ou

›o+ye+wpaymm.

Og+a›o sworo eye +e gocwawou+o gne woro, uwo6ɵ ygap 6ɵn cmna+ɵu m wou+ɵu. Baw+o coæuecwmwa swauɵ ›nm+oo6pas+ou ›o+ye+wpaymm c Øasaum cæoero gɵxawena+oro ym›na (ægox – æɵgox – gɵxawena+ae uaysa). Mpm co6nDge+mm wex+m›m ygapa ›yna› cwmuaewce m ua›cmuana+o +auperaewce upm æɵgoxe m paccna6neewce æo æpeue gɵxawena+ou uaysɵ. B uoue+w ›o+wa›wa c wenou upowmæ+m›a ›yna› cwmuaewce unow+o m uepes gonD ce›y+gɵ – ua›cmuana+o. ¶anee, ›yna› owæogew m upm swou ero paccna6neDw. Mocne ua›cmuana+oro cwawme ›mcwm, cpasy cnow+o paccna6mwa m paswawa ee, +o sworo m +e +yw+o. ¶ocwawou+o

+eu+oro ocna6mwa ›yna›, uwo6ɵ uɵmyɵ py›m yue+ammnm +aupewe+me, +o upm swou coxpa+mnaca rowoæ+ocwa 6ɵcwpo uoæwopmwa ygap.

Hsyue+me wex+m›m Pagoropɵ cnegyew +auawa co cwoe› m +am6onee upocwɵx upmeuoæ –

saceu+ɵx ygapoæ.

Cwou›ou +asɵæaDw cueymana+yD uosy gne ycuem+oro upmue+e+me 6oeæɵx upmeuoæ. Og+a›o xopommu 6oey uowew æecwm 6ou ms nD6oro uonowe+me. Teu +e ue+ee, ygo6+ee m sØØe›wmæ+ee awa›oæawa upowmæ+m›a upm+eæ +a ur+oæe+me cwou›y. Hyw+o yumwɵæawa, uwo æ

›ynau+ou 6oD uacwo owcywcwæyew æpeue +a upm+ewme cwou›m, æega upowmæ+m› +axogmwce oue+a 6nms›o m wowe awa›yew. Og+a›o, ecnm ecwa æosuow+ocwa, wo upmue+ewa 6oeæɵe upmeuɵ nyume ms cwou›m. 3wo uouoraew +a+ecwm ygap upowmæ+m›y wou+o m c ua›cmuana+ou cmnou.

Oc+oæ+ae cwou›a æ Pagorope – y›nDu+ɵu ycwaæ (pmc. 3). Horm æ swou uose paccwaæne+ɵ, ye+wp wewecwm wena +eu+oro uogaewce æuepeg wa›, uwo uew›m æ nD6ou uoue+w rowoæɵ owopæawace ow seunm. Mpm swou og+a +ora eæneewce ouop+ou æ 6onameu cweue+m, ueu gpyrae.


Py›m cor+ywɵ æ no›wex m æɵcwaæne+ɵ uepeg co6ou nago+eum æuepeg. Cum+a +eu+oro

+aupewe+a. Hs swou uosɵ ner›o uepeuwm › awa›e mnm owpasmwa +auage+me upowmæ+m›a.

Pmcy+o›3.V›nDu+ɵuycwaæ

Eye og+a cwou›a, upmue+eeuae æ pycc›ou ›ynau+ou 6oe – owcwaæ+ou ycwaæ (pmc. 4). O+a ownmuaewce weu, uwo og+a +ora æɵcwaæne+a æuepeg m upmcor+ywa æ ›one++ou cycwaæe. Ha +ee uepe+ocmwce oc+oæ+ae uacca wena. Bwopae +ora oumpaewce +a +oco›. faye æcero swa uosa mcuonasyewce ›a› uepexog+ae upm æɵuon+e+mm pasnmu+ɵx upmeuoæ m uepeueye+mm.

Pmcy+o›4. Owcwaæ+ou ycwaæMpocweummum ygap+ɵum upmeuaum eæneDwce uoyeum+a, sawpeym+a, pacuanm+a.


 

Kynau+ɵe 6om 6ɵnm wpagmymo++ɵum +e wona›o +a Pycm, +o m æ gpeæ+mx ymæmnmsaymex – Baæmno+e m Fpeymm. Ecnm 6ou sawermæance, wo 6ouyau saupeyanm saymyawace, m o+m 6mnm gpyr gpyra go uocneg+mx cmn.

 

Moyeum+a æɵuon+eewce nago+aD c unow+o cwawɵum uanayaum. Vgap uo nmyy upowmæ+m›a

+a+ocmwce æ +aupaæne+mm c+msy ææepx, uepes no›weæyD uewnD, uog yrnou æ 45° (pmc. 5).

Pmcy+o›5. Tex+m›a æɵuon+e+me uoyeum+ɵ: 1 – owæege+me py›m upowmæ+m›a; 2 – no›weæae uewne; 3 – ygap- uoyeum+a

 

3awpeym+a æɵuon+eewce ›yna›ou mnm, ›a› m æ upegɵgyyeu cnyuae, nago+aD c unow+o cwawɵum uanayaum. Mpmeu ocyyecwæneewce æ +ec›ona›o swauoæ. C+auana, owæogmwce upaæɵu no›owa m +eu+oro uoæopaumæaewce ›yna›, upm swou oyyyaewce uog›pyw æ uɵmyax upeguneuae. ¶anee, py›a æɵgæmraewce › nmyy upowmæ+m›a m +a+ocmwce ygap. Mpm swou co6nDgaewce upm+ymu ›nm+oæmg+ou ›o+ye+wpaymm. Cpasy uocne ygapa py›a ocna6neewce m uo m+epymm gæmraewce +eu+oro +asag. Og+a›o rowoæ+ocwa › +a+ece+mD cnegyDyero ygapa coxpa+eewce. Mpm swou uoæwop+ɵu ygap uowew 6ɵwa weu we cauɵu mnm m+ɵu (pmc. 6).


 

 

Pmcy+o› 6. Tex+m›a æɵuon+e+me sawpeym+ɵ: 1 –

owæege+me no›we m uogrowoæ›a ›yna›a; 2 – ygap 6o›oæou uoæepx+ocwaD ›yna›a

 

Pacuanm+a mueew m+oe +aupaæne+me ygapa. Py›a gæmwewce æ æepwm›ana+ou unoc›ocwm. C+auana, uo m+epymm owæogmwce +asag py›a (pmc. 7), saweu +aupaæneewce æuepeg m ææepx. Mpm pasuammcwou uogaeue py›m, upeguneuae uoæopaumæaDw æ no›weæou cycwaæe æuecwe c

›mcwaD (pmc. 8) m, 6ɵcwpo cØopumpoæaæ ›yna›, +a+ocew ygap upowmæ+m›y æ no6 mnm uepe+ocmyy (pmc. 9).


 

Pmcy+o› 7. H+epymo++oe owæege+me py›m +asag: 1 – +auano gæmwe+me; 2 – uon+oe owæege+me

 

Pmcy+o›8.3auaxuepegygapou


 

 

Pmcy+o› 9. Mogrowoæ›a ›yna›a › ygapy

 

Mocne +a+ece+me ygapa py›a cæo6og+o yxogmw æ+ms, upm swou uneuo m no›owa ocwaDwce æ saØm›cmpoæa++ou cocwoe+mm (pmc. 10). Ta›mu o6pasou coxpa+eewce rowoæ+ocwa upogonwmwa 6ou m +a+ecwm cnegyDymu ygap upowmæ+m›y (pmc. 11).

Tpagmymo++o +a Pycm ygapɵ +oraum æ ›ynau+ou 6oD upmue+enmca æ ›pau+mx cnyuaex. 3wo cæesa+o c weu, uwo cauou pacupocwpa+e++ou o6yæaD 6ɵnm cauorm. Vgapou wa›ou wewenou o6yæm uow+o ner›o uo›aneumwa mnm y6mwa upowmæ+m›a, a æ wpagmymo++ɵx pycc›mx 6oex upecnegoæanaca gpyrae yena.

 

Pmcy+o›10. Cwa6mnmsayme py›m


uocne pacuanm+ɵ

 

 


 

 

ygapy


 

Pmcy+o› 11. Mogrowoæ›a › cnegyDyeuy


 

Pacuanm+y uow+o æɵuon+mwa uo-gpyrouy – ygap +a+ocew æ gmaro+ana+ou +aupaæne+mm, a

+e cæepxy æ+ms (pmc. 12).

Pmcy+o›12. Pacuanm+a

CnegyDymu ygap+ɵu upmeu – saceu+ɵu cwɵ›. Ero æɵuon+eDw ›yna›ou mnm upeguneuaeu, uwo6ɵ 6no›mpoæawa ygap upowmæ+m›a mnm awa›oæawa ero uo æepx+euy epycy. 3wow upmeu o6ɵu+o couewaDw c gpyrmu, +aupmuep, 6ysgɵra+ou (pmc. 13). Mpm æɵuon+e+mm upmeuoæ og+a py›a gæmwewce ow ce6e m owæogmw py›y upowmæ+m›a æ cwopo+y (pmc. 14). Kyna›ou æwopou py›m æ swo æpeue +a+ocmwce ygap upowmæ+m›y (pmc. 15).


 

 


 

cwɵ›y


Pmcy+o› 13. Mogrowoæ›a › saceu+ouy

 

Pmcy+o› 14. 3aceu+ɵu cwɵ›

 

 

Pmcy+o› 15. bysgɵra+


 

CnegyDymu ygap+ɵu upmeu – uoseu+ɵu cwɵ›. Vgap upowmæ+m›y +a+ocmwce ›yna›ou mnm upeguneuaeu, upm swou æce py›a gæmwewce cwporo ropmso+wana+o (pmc. 16). Mpmeu uogo6e+ sawpeym+e, +o æɵuon+eewce æ gpyrou unoc›ocwm (pmc. 17).


 


 

cwɵ›ou


Pmcy+o› 16. Monowe+me uepeg uoseu+ɵu

 

 

Pmcy+o› 17. Moseu+ɵu cwɵ›


 

 

¶ne ocæoe+me wex+m›m Pagoropɵ +eo6xogmuo, æ uepæyD ouepega, +ayumwace gæmrawace.

¶ne sworo uow+o uowpe+mpoæawace æ æɵuon+e+mm cæes›m y›nDu+ɵu ycwaæ – ›onDymu ygap

– y›nDu+ɵu ycwaæ.

 

¶anee, mgew ow+ow+ou cwɵ›. Mpmeu æɵuon+eDw gpyrou py›ou, æ +aupaæne+mm ow 6egpa. Kyna›ou 6aDw c+msy ææepx, yeneca æ uog6opogo› upowmæ+m›a. Mow+o ow6mwa swmu ygapou awa›yDyyD py›y upowmæ+m›a. Vgap +a+ocew 6o›oæou uoæepx+ocwaD ›yna›a co cwopo+ɵ


6onamoro uanaya (pmc. 18).


 

 

Pmcy+o› 18. Ow+ow+ou cwɵ›


 

Eye og+mu saceu+ɵu ygap+ɵu upmeuou eæneewce uogunyw+ɵu cwɵ›. Vgap +a+ocmwce

›yna›ou, upm swou py›a gæmwewce uouwm uo æepwm›anm – c+msy ææepx. Mpegæapmwena+o upowmæ+m›a upmwermæaDw › ce6e (pmc. 19). Bo æpeue æɵuon+e+me upmeua uepe+ocew ye+wp wewecwm cæoero wena +a ›one+o, uwo upmgaew ygapy 6onamyD cmny (pmc. 20).

Pmcy+o›19. Mpmwermæa+me upowmæ+m›a Pmcy+o›20.Mogunyw+ɵu cwɵ›


¶anee, oumcɵæaewce rpyuua ygap+ɵx upmeuoæ Pagoropɵ, +asɵæaeuɵx ygapaum c ›pɵna, æɵuon+eeuɵx upeguneuaeum m no›weum.

Tpagmymo++ɵe 6om +a Pycm upoxogmnm uoswau+o. C+auana ›ynau+ɵu 6ou men uewgy pe6ew+eu, saweu uewgy D+omaum m +ewe+awɵum uonogɵum uywum+aum m wona›o uocne sworo 6mnmca æspocnɵe uywm›m.

 

Mpmeu ›ynau+oro 6oe pawoæmye æ›nDuaew æ ce6e sneue+wɵ ygapa m wonu›a og+oæpeue++o.

Vgap +a+ocmwce æunow+yD upm6nmsmæmeuyce upowmæ+m›y uouepe› rpygm upeguneuaeu (pmc. 21). Mpm swou a›wmæ+ae py›a +axogmwce æ uonycor+ywou uonowe+mm. 3wow upmeu uosæoneew owcwpa+mwa upowmæ+m›a m upoæecwm awa›y – +a+ecwm ygap gpyrou py›ou uo ow›pɵwɵu uacweu wena (pmc. 22).

Pmcy+o›21.Pawoæmye Pmcy+o›22. Pawoæmye c awa›ou


 

B wpagmymo++ou gne Pycm ›ynau+ou 6oD «cwe+›a +a cwe+›y» 6ouyɵ æcwaæanm æ cwpou neæou +orou m uneuou æuepeg. 3wo ›awewce +e oue+a ycwouumæou uosmymeu, og+a›o 6ouyɵ cwoenm unow+o, uacwmu+o upm›pɵæanm gpyr gpyra m swo uosæoneno gepwawa cwpou m cæo6og+o geucwæoæawa upaæou py›ou.

 

CnegyDymu upmeu – py6mna+e (use+a). Ero mcuonasyDw æ 6nmw+eu 6oD. Vgap upowmæ+m›y +a+ocew æceu uoæepx+ocwaD upeguneuae uo ronoæe m py›au (pmc. 23). 3wo genaDw c pasuaxou mnm ue+ee mmpo›ou auunmwygou gæmwe+me. Cmna ygapa +aupaæneewce cæepxy æ+ms gmaro+ana+o.

Pmcy+o›23. Py6mna+e

B swy we rpyuuy upmeuoæ æxogew ygapɵ no›weum – c›onɵ. Bɵuon+mwa mx ner›o. Ownmume mueew ygap uo ronoæe. B swou cnyuae c›on æɵuon+eewce gæmwe+meu py›m ow uneua c

›pyroæou auunmwygou (pmc. 24).

Pmcy+o›24. C›on uo ronoæe


C ›pɵna uow+o +a+ecwm saceu+ɵe ygapɵ, +aupmuep, sawpeym+y (pmc. 25). Cpasy uocne sworo uepexogew › c›ony m go6mæaDw upowmæ+m›a no›weu (pmc. 26).

Pmcy+o›25. 3awpeym+a c ›pɵna Pmcy+o›26. C›on gæyue py›aum

Oc+oæy Pagoropɵ cocwaæneDw ygap+ɵe upmeuɵ, og+a›o 6opyoæc›me upmeuɵ wowe æ +eu mcuonasyDwce. faye æcero o+m eæneDwce æcuouorawena+ɵum, +o mx uow+o mcuonasoæawa m æ ›auecwæe uepexoga ow pycc›oro ›ynau+oro 6oe › gpyrmu egm+o6opcwæau (cmnoæou 6opa6e). Og+a›o uaye æcero uocne 6opyoæc›mx upmeuoæ æ+oæa uepexogew › ygap+ɵu. Haupmuep, ecnm upowmæ+m› cgenan ›ocyD pacuanm+y, wo sØØe›wmæ+o upmue+mwa sanou (pmc. 27).

Pmcy+o›27. 3axæaw upowmæ ›ocou pacuanm+ɵ Mocne sworo › +euy uow+o upmue+mwa uogunyw+ɵu cwɵ› (pmc. 28, 29).


 


 

awa›e


Pmcy+o› 28. Mepexog ›


 

Pmcy+o› 29. Mogunyw+ɵu cwɵ› uocne sanoua

 

 

Mpmeuɵ Pagoropɵ oue+a sØØe›wmæ+ɵ æ wou cnyuae, ecnm 6ou mgew +a ›opow›ou mnm cpeg+eu gmcwa+ymm. Mpm swou awa›oæawa upowmæ+m›a cnegyew uo æepx+euy mnm cpeg+euy epycy. B gpyrmx ycnoæmex 6oe nyume mcuonasoæawa wex+m›m gpyrmx 6oeæɵx m›on.

 

¶anee, oumcɵæaDwce wex+m›m m upmeuɵ cwe+om+oro 6oe, wa›we ow+oceymece › Pagorope. Oc+oæ+ou saymw+ou wex+m›ou eæneewce uepyaDyee cgepwmæa+me. O+o uowew 6ɵwa upocwɵu m gæou+ɵu. 3wa wex+m›a uouoraew ygepwawa upowmæ+m›a +a paccwoe+mm m uouemawa euy æɵuon+mwa sagyua++ɵu upmeu (pmc. 30).

Pmcy+o›30.¶æou+oeuepyaDyee cgepwmæa+me

¶ne saymwɵ wa›we mcuonasyDwce rpe›o-pmuc›mu upmeu (pmc. 31), rony6ey (pmc. 32) m cwæopɵ (cgæoe++ae rpe›o-pmuc›ae saymwa). Fpe›o-pmuc›ae saymwa uouoraew sa›pɵwa

ronoæy ow awa›yDyero upeuɵum ygapaum upowmæ+m›a. Py›ou uow+o upm æɵuon+e+mm sworo upmeua upm›pɵwa cæoD rpyga (pmc. 33).


 

Pmcy+o› 31. Fpe›o-pmuc›ae saymwa


 

 

 

 

rpygm


 

Pmcy+o› 32. Fony6ey

 

 

Pmcy+o› 33. Fpe›o-pmuc›ae saymwa c upm›pɵæa+meu


B cwe+om+ou 6oD upmue+eDwce awa›yDyme ygap+ɵe upmeuɵ. bɵcwpowou m omenouneDymu sØØe›wou ownmuaewce upeuou ygap æ cwew›y, xowe uo cmne o+ +e cauɵu æɵpawe++ɵu. Mpmeu uogxogmw gne æ›nm+mæa+me ygapoæ uo ronoæe m æepx+eu uacwm ›opuyca upowmæ+m›a upm og+oæpeue++ou awa›e (pmc. 34,35).

 

 


 

cwew›y


Pmcy+o› 34. Mogrowoæ›a › upeuouy ygapy æ

 

Pmcy+o› 35. Mpeuou ygap æ cwew›y


 

CnegyDymu ygap – ›mu (pmc. 36), +a+ocmwce 6o›oæou uoæepx+ocwaD ›yna›a, ›owopɵu ouyc›aDw +a upowmæ+m›a cæepxy æ+ms uogo6+o uonowy (pmc. 37). Mpegæapmwena+o æɵuon+eDw uepyaDyee cgepwmæa+me (pmc. 38).

Pmcy+o›36. Kmu


 

Pmcy+o› 37. Monowe+me uepeg ›meu

 

 


 

ygapy


Pmcy+o› 38. MepyaDyee cgepwmæa+me m uepexog ›


 

K wa›wmuec›mu ygapau ow+ocmwce upeuou +asag. Ero æɵuon+eDw co c›pywou py›m (pmc. 39).


 

Pmcy+o› 39. C›pyw c owpɵæou

 

 

Cauocwoewena+oe ocæoe+me upmeuoæ Pagoropɵ +aum+aDw uepeg sep›anou. ¶anee, uepexogew › +a+ece+mD ygapoæ uo ner›ou cueyaeuou umme+m (æew›m ›ycwap+m›oæ, uogæec+ae cew›a). 3wo uouoraew cØo›ycmpoæawa æsrneg +a ›opow›ou gmcwa+ymm m pasæmæaew paæ+oæecme. Cmny ygapa owpa6awɵæaDw +a uem›ax c uec›ou.

 

Cauɵu uoy+ɵu ygapou eæneewce pac›au+ou cwɵ›. Mpmeu æɵuon+eDw c mmpo›ou auunmwygou gæmwe+me py›m. Vo›owa a›wmæ+ou py›m upegæapmwena+o owæogew +asag wa›, uwo6ɵ upmwawa nouaw›y +a cum+e (pmc. 40). Vgap ›yna›ou +a+ocew uo ye+wpy rpygm upowmæ+m›a æ o6nacwa con+eu+oro cunewe+me.


 

 

Pmcy+o› 40. Mogrowoæ›a › pac›au+ouy cwɵ›y

 

A›wmæ+o pa6owae uneuou, py›y æɵ6pacɵæaDw æuepeg, og+oæpeue++o æɵuon+ee gæou+oe c›pyumæa+me ›yna›a m wynoæmya (pmc. 41)

Pmcy+o›41. Pac›au+ou cwɵ›

CnegyDymu upeuou ygap pycc›oro ›ynau+oro 6oe +asɵæaDw uogwo›ou. Vgap æɵuon+eDw

›yna›ou m æ›nagɵæaDw æ +ero æcD cmny (pmc. 42). BɵgæmraDw py›y æuepeg, c+auana, upeguneuaeu. 3wo uouoraew c6mwa py›m upowmæ+m›a.

¶anee, py›y upogæmraDw 6nmwe › nmyy upowmæ+m›a. Bce geucwæme æɵuon+eDw 6ɵcwpo m uew›o. Mpm +a+ece+mm ygapa ye+wp wewecwm wena uepe+ocmwce æuepeg. Cnmm›ou cmna+ɵu pasuax uowew æɵsæawa uage+me uo m+epymm, uoswouy +yw+o comsuepmwa cmny ygapa m auunmwygy gæmwe+me (pmc. 43).


 

 

Pmcy+o› 42. Monowe+me uepeg uogwo›ou

 


 

uogwo›a: 1 – uogrowoæ›a py›m › ygapy; 2 – uogwo›


Pmcy+o› 43. Tex+m›a æɵuon+e+me


 

Eye ogm+ ygap+ɵu upmeu – pacwew+ou cwɵ›. Py›a c ›yna›ou æɵgæmraewce æuepeg og+oæpeue++o c ner›m +e6onammu uoæopowou æepx+eu uacwm wynoæmya (pmc. 44). Mpm swou cmna gæmwe+me ›opuyca uepe+ocmwce uo m+epymm +a ›yna›. Bo æpeue æɵgæmwe+me m ygapa py›a c›pyumæaewce +apywy.


 

Pmcy+o› 44. Pacwew+ou cwɵ›

 

KonDymu ygap +auoum+aew geucwæme Øexwoæanaym›a. 3wow upmeu coupoæowgaewce ow›no+e+meu æepx+eu uacwm wynoæmya m uosæoneew upouycwmwa æcwpeu+ɵu ygap ægona rpygm (pmc. 45). Bo æpeue ›ynau+oro 6oe swo uosæoneew yue+ammwa cmny upeuoro ygapa upowmæ+m›a.


 

 

Pmcy+o› 45. Tex+m›a æɵuon+e+me

›onDyero ygapa: 1 – uonowe+me uepeg ygapou; 2 – ›onDymu ygap; 3 – ow›no+e+me wynoæmya m owæege+me py›m

 

bonamou cmnou ownmuaewce cnegyDymu upmeu pycc›oro ›ynau+oro 6oe – ›ocau (upeuou ygap c ›ocaua). Py›a upm æɵuon+e+mm upmeua gæmwewce wona›o ropmso+wana+o, uoswouy ygap upmxogmwce upemuyyecwæe++o uo æepx+eu uacwm wynoæmya upowmæ+m›a. Ecnm upowmæ+m› +mwe uo pocwy, wo uow+o ›ocaueu awa›oæawa ero uo ronoæe. Mpm æɵuon+e+mm upmeua cmna uepe+ocmwce ow og+oro uneua › gpyrouy m ganee, uo uepe æɵgæmwe+me py›m æuepeg, +a ›yna›. Mpm swou genaewce uoæopow æepx+eu uacwm wynoæmya, uwo ycmnmæaew ygap (pmc. 46). Kocau upmue+eDw æ ›ou6m+aymm c gpyrmum upmeuaum, +aupmuep, uacwo æɵuon+eewce æ 6oD cæes›a uepyaDyee cgepwmæa+me – uoyeum+a – ›ocau.


 

 

Pmcy+o› 46. Kocau

 

Mocneg+mu ygap+ɵu upmeu æ Pagorope – 6ysgɵra+. O+ wa›we ownmuaewce 6onamou cmnou, oco6e++o upm +a+ece+mm ygapa uo ronoæe upowmæ+m›a. ¶ne æɵuon+e+me upmeua

+eo6xogmua uosmyme «y›nDu+ɵu ycwaæ». C+auana, cor+ywyD æ no›we py›y owæogew +asag m ææepx no›weu. Mpm swou a›wmæ+o pa6owaew uneueæou cycwaæ. ¶anee, py›y pes›o æɵgæmraDw æuepeg m upm swou coæepmaDw uoæopow no›weu æ+ywpa. Og+oæpeue++o uoæopaumæaDw ›yna› wa›mu o6pasou, uwo6ɵ 6onamou uaney o›asance c+msy (pmc. 47).

Pmcy+o›47. Tex+m›a æɵuon+e+me 6ysgɵra+a: 1 – y›nDu+ɵu ycwaæ; 2 – æɵgæmwe+me py›m æuepeg; 3 – uoæopow no›we m ›yna›a æ+ywpa


bysgɵra+ uacwo mcuonasyDw æ couewa+mm c uepyaDymu cgepwmæa+meu, ›owopoe coupoæowgaDw +awac›mæa+meu upowmæ+m›a +a ce6e (pmc. 48).

 


 

+awac›mæa+meu m 6ysgɵra+ou


Pmcy+o› 48. MepyaDyee cgepwmæa+me uepeg


 






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