Mogrowoæıa ı 6oD

Cwmna c›o6apa æ ys›mx ›pyrax +asɵæaDw wa›we «nouawa æecenoro». Voua+me – owgena+ae weua æ pycc›mx ›ynau+ɵx 6oex. «Voua+me æecenoro» uacwo coupoæowgaewce mrpou rapuo+mcwa m «saæogmw» æeca 6ou. H+orga wa› +asɵæaDw cau 6ou, +o uaye cerog+e uow+o ycnɵmawa swy Øpasy ›a› oupegene+me pasum+›m uepeg ero +auanou. Vuacw+m›m æcwpexmæaDw py›aum m ronoæaum, upmwouɵæaDw, epomaw æonocɵ, upogenɵæae æce swo æ cocwoe+mm «uem›a», w. e. c ow+ocmwena+o paccna6ne++ɵum uɵmyaum. Mpa›wmuec›ae yena noua+me – pasorpewa uɵmyɵ. 3wo xopommu cuoco6 æɵcæo6ogmwa s+eprmD 6oe, æouwm æ cocwoe+me uoegm+›a, cnmwace c +mu, a saweu «mrpawa» ywe 6es +aupewe+me, ecwecwæe++o

+auagae +a couep+m›a. Kpoue woro, æ pasum+›e upopa6owa+a cmcweua cycwaæ+ou rmu+acwm›m (uwo m o6ecueumæaew cæo6ogy gæmwe+mu, uogæmw+ocwa), uones+ae gne sgopoæae.

Voua+me uepe›nm›aewce uo cæomu upm+ymuau c æocwou+ɵum egm+o6opcwæaum m mx gm+aumuec›ou uegmwaymeu. Ho 6oname æcero æ +eu owcɵno› › wpagmymo++ou unacwm›e pycc›oro wa+ya. Mpmueu, uo 6onameu uacwm, +e samucwæoæa+mu, a mue++o owcɵno›.

Ha Pycm noua+me cumwanoca uarmuec›mu o6pegou. O+o m cerog+e uoxogmw +a pmwyana+ɵu wa+ey. Voua+me, uo u+e+mD 6ouyoæ, +auoum+ano gæmwe+me uegæege, ›owopɵu 6ɵn uywa nm

+e ›ynawoæɵu wmæow+ɵu +a Pycm. B Mc›oæc›ou o6nacwm go cmx uop noua+me +asɵæaDw

«unec›ou rop6aworo» (wa› +asɵæanm uegæege). Cyyecwæoæano uoæepae, uwo upm swou wa+ye cmna uegæege uepexogmw › 6ouyy.

Pasum+›y upoæogew æ ›pyry. Tpe+ep gne geuo+cwpaymm sneue+woæ noua+me uowew æɵuwm æ ye+wp ›pyra mnm uo›asɵæawa æce co cæoero uecwa.

B +ame æpeue noua+me m+orga +asɵæaDw pasum+›ou. Paccuowpmu ero oc+oæ+ɵe sneue+wɵ.

1. Bcwpec›a («æxowge+me æ paw»). ¶eucwæme pasum+aDymxce upomsæona+ɵ. 3wo uowa+me

›opuycou, py›aum m +oraum, cner›a paccna6ne++ɵum æo æcex cycwaæax; æcwpexmæa+me py›; owuam›a ›one+yeu; upɵw›m c uaxoæɵum gæmwe+meum py› mnm uoæopowou ›opuyca +aneæo m

+aupaæo; pacwew›a cum+ɵ uyweu uowermæa+me ææepx m æ cwopo+ɵ; c›peymæa+me +or æ upɵw›e mnm upmcega+mm. ¶onw+o 6ɵwa sageucwæoæa+o ua›cmuana+oe umcno cycwaæoæ. K swouy sneue+wy noua+me uow+o ow+ecwm «uonoc›a+me»: +a›no+ɵ cner›a +asag m æ+ms go seunm c æɵwe+ywɵum ææepx py›aum, ›a› o6ɵu+o, paccna6ne++ɵum (pasum+aDymuce 6aew nago+eum uo seune). Py›m uoryw 6ɵwa æɵupeune++ɵum mnm cor+ywɵum æ no›wex, ›opuyc coæepmaew +a›no+ɵ cwporo æ æepwm›ana+ou unoc›ocwm mnm c ner›mu ›pyroæɵu «uowa+meu» æ cwopo+ɵ (+orm uonycor+ywɵ). ¶æmwe+me upm æcwpec›e wo yc›opeDwce, wo sauegneDwce.

Fnaæ+oe, æo æpeue sworo sneue+wa «uouyæcwæoæawa» cæoe weno.

C›o6apa mcuonasyew owcɵn›m › unacwm›e +apog+ɵx o6pegoæɵx wa+yeæ (+aupmuep, æo

æpeue pasum+›m mcuonasyDw upmceg›y). Cauo +asæa+me «c›o6apa» swmuonorm cæesɵæaDw co cnoæou «uc›oæapa» (upeguonowmwena+o, s+aue+me sworo cnoæa – «wmwena uc›oæc›oro

›pae»).

2. Moxnouɵæa+me (xnouym›m). Pmwumu+ɵe uoxnouɵæa+me nago+eum uo pas+ɵu uacweu wena (rpygm, uneuau, uogomæe cwouɵ, rone+myy cauora, 6egpy) uepegyDwce c xnou›aum py› gpyr o gpyra, upɵw›aum m uepewouwɵæa+meu. Hecuowpe +a cæo6ogy gæmwe+mu py›, xnou›m gonw+ɵ uonyuawace uew›mum m wou+ɵum (+e cuasa++ɵum).

3. Mpmceg›a (pmc. 52) m 6er æupmceg›y. Mpmceg›a +a uecwe +aum+aewce c upmcega+me +a

›opwou›m, uocne uero æɵ6pacɵæaDw æuepeg uouepeue++o wo og+y, wo gpyryD +ory, cner›a uogupɵrmæae +a æwopou, ouyye++ou, +ore. Py›m uoryw 6ɵwa pasæege+ɵ æ cwopo+ɵ mnm c›peye+ɵ +a rpygm. ber æupmceg›y upeguonaraew uepegæmwe+me (uaye æcero – uo ›pyry) c æɵuon+e+meu sneue+woæ upmceg›m. Mpm swou +orm uoryw ouyc›awace +e wona›o +a cwouy, +o m +a rone+a, uwo æɵrnegmw 6onee rapuo+mu+o upm oupegene++ou ypoæ+e uacwepcwæa.

Pmcy+o›52.Mpmceg›a

4. Koneco. 3wow sneue+w uowew 6ɵwa æɵuon+e+ æepwm›ana+o mnm uog yrnou 45°. Pasum+aDymuce ›awmwce, oumpaeca +a py›m m +orm mnm wona›o +a +orm (æo æwopou æapma+we).

5. Kyæɵp›m. Ogm+ mnm +ec›ona›o yuacw+m›oæ upm+muaDw uosy c ropmso+wana+o pacuonowe++ou cum+ou, uonycor+ywɵum ›one+eum m gocwaDymum go seunm ›mcweum. boey, coæepmaDymu ›yæɵpo›, uog6eraew mnm uogxogmw › yuacw+m›y æ cor+ywou cwou›e m uepeuaxmæaew uepes +ero py›aum æuepeg, 6ygwo +ɵpee. Koc+yæmmca py›aum seunm, 6oey +e crpyuumpoæɵæaewce, a cæo6og+o uepe›awɵæaewce +a cum+y m saweu cpasy æcwaew +a +orm (upm

+anmumm +ec›ona›mx yuacw+m›oæ æ cwou›ax, æcwaæ, +eo6xogmuo uepeupɵr+ywa uepes cnegyDyero). Ta›me ›yæɵp›m wa›we +asɵæaDw upɵw›aum uepes upeuewcwæme. Kyæɵp›m +a seune uoxowm +a swow sneue+w pasum+›m uo unacwmu+ocwm, gpyroe mx +asæa+me – uepe›awɵæa+me.

6. Mpɵw›m +a py›ax. B pasum+›e c›o6ape upmue+eDwce +e›owopɵe sneue+wɵ pycc›mx

+apog+ɵx wa+yeæ c uogupɵrmæa+meum, upm ›owopɵx æpeue++ou mnm uocwoe++ou ouopou cnywaw py›m.

Ogm+ ms æapma+woæ – py›m +asag, ouopa +a ›mcwm, ›opuyc pacuonowe+ uapannena+o seune,

+orm cor+ywɵ æ ›one+ex. Mouepeue++o æɵ6pacɵæaDwce æuepeg +orm (pmc. 53).

æuepeg æ ropmso+wana+ou uonowe+mm c ouopou +a py›m

Pmcy+o› 53. Bɵ6pacɵæa+me +or

Bapma+w 2 – mcxog+oe uonowe+me wo we, coegm+e++ɵe +orm æɵ6pacɵæaDwce æuepeg m ææepx c o6esawena+ɵu uog+ewmeu 6egpa.

Bapma+w 3 – «cæo6og+oe» uage+me ms o6ɵu+ou cwou›m c upywm+eyeu ouopou +a py›y, uocnegyDymu msrm6a+meu wynoæmya m æosæpaye+meu æ mcxog+yD cwou›y uepes +eæɵco›mu upɵwo›.

7. Mpɵw›m +a uecwe – swo 6asoæɵu sneue+w noua+me, c ›owoporo m+orga +aum+aDw pasum+›y. Hcxog+oe uonowe+me – «crpyg›a» («pasroæop+ae cwou›a»): cwyu+m uocwaæne+ɵ cner›a ›oconauo, rpyga æɵueue+a, uog6opogo› uog+ew, was æɵgæm+yw æuepeg. Bo æpeue upɵw›a, sa cuew m+epymo++ou paccna6ne++ocwm æepx+eu uacwm wena, +mw+ee uoæopaumæaewce æ cwopo+y. Cwouɵ oumcɵæaDw ›pyrm, uew›a upa›wmuec›m +e owpɵæaewce ow seunm. Moæopow+ae wou›a – was, ow +ero mgew gæmwe+me. Horm upm uepæou upɵw›e uoæopaumæaDwce +a 10 – 30°, was – +a 30 – 40°. Cycwaæɵ, +e yuacwæyDyme æ upɵw›e, uon+ocwaD auopØ+ɵ. Py›m sa cuew m+epymm «xaowmu+o» uog+muaDwce m ouyc›aDwce. Mneum c+auana owcwaDw æ uoæopowe ow +or m wasa, +o upmuep+o +a cepegm+e upɵw›a wowe pac›pyumæaDwce (6es ycmnmu, mx ywermæaew sa co6ou was) m uepero+eDw was æ uoæopowe (60 – 90°). Fonoæa +axogmwce æ mcxog+ou uonowe+mm m uouwm +e gæmraewce. Kmcwm py›,

«uogupɵrmæae», +axogewce æ +am6onee ecwecwæe++ou uonowe+mm: æosne uoguɵme› mnm æ uon+ou paccna6ne+mm. Vo›wm æ wou we cæo6og+ou uonewe uog+muaDwce go ypoæ+e uneu (mnm æɵme, æ saæmcmuocwm ow cmnɵ upɵw›a) m æosæpayaDwce æ o6nacwa con+eu+oro cunewe+me.

B paccna6ne++ɵx cycwaæax +e gonw+o 6ɵwa +m›a›oro +aupewe+me m «wpe+me». He cnegyew una+mpoæawa wpae›wopmD uonewa cæo6og+ɵx uacweu wena, æce gonw+o uonyumwace opra+mu+o uocne paccna6ne+me wena m ucmxm›m. Moæopow +auoum+aew pa6owy upywm+ɵ mnm

wopcmo++ou uogæec›m, pa6owaDyeu +a ›pyue+me. Mogo6+ɵu upm+ymu +a6nDgaewce æo æcex awa›yDymx upmeuax c›o6ape. Bwopou upɵwo› uoæopaumæaew weno æ o6paw+ou +aupaæne+mm, auunmwyga ygæamæaewce, ›a› m æɵcowa upɵw›a. B xoge upɵw›oæ was m uneum gæmwywce

«æocauep›aum» («uagaDymu ›onecou»). Py›m, yxoge ææepx m æosæpayaeca o6paw+o › weny, cosgaDw uynacmpyDymu pmwu gæmwe+me, ue+ee c›opocwa uoæopowa uacweu wena.

Monowe+ue wena

Mocne pasum+›m weno gonw+o 6ɵwa paccna6ne++ɵu (›a› roæopmnm +a Pycm – «pearmpoæawa

+a gy+oæe+me æewpa»). Hue++o æ wa›ou cocwoe+mm +aum+ance 6ou.

Bo æpeue æcero 6oe +eo6xogmuo gepwawa rpyga pacupaæne++ou, uneum – pasæep+ywɵum, uog6opogo› – upmuog+ewɵu. Tas æcerga æɵgæm+yw cner›a æuepeg, +esauew+o gne o›pywaDymx, +o gocwawou+o, uwo6ɵ ygepwawa paæ+oæecme uocne uepe+oca wena æuepeg æ pesynawawe ygapa. Horm o6ɵu+o gepwaw +a mmpm+e uneu.

Pa6owa 6ouyoæ æegewce «æ ›pyry». Py›m m +orm gæmraDwce +acwona›o opra+mu+o, uwo ownmumwa awa›y ow 6no›a upa›wmuec›m +eæosuow+o. Bce gæmwe+me ner›me m cæo6og+ɵe, «+e æɵuyue++ɵe», «uopxaDyme». Maxm uepegyDwce c upmwouɵæa+meu (pmc. 54). Mpmwouɵ cmna+ɵe, mx uoya, ›a› m cmna ygapoæ py›aum, mgew uepes æce weno.

Pmcy+o›54. Mpmwouɵæa+me æ 6oD

Moegm+›m m+orga +aum+aDwce c woro, uwo 6ouyɵ cxogewce m æ upɵw›e ygapeDwce rpygaD o rpyga. Owc›oumæ gpyr ow gpyra, o+m +aum+aDw 6opa6y. B gpyrou æapma+we uocne wa›oro ygapa cnegyew «uonoc›a+me»: wow, ›wo æɵsɵæaew couep+m›a +a 6ou, c sauaxa xnouaew uepeg

+mu nago+eum uo seune. CyyecwæyDw pasnmu+ɵe uec+m-uowem›m, upeg+as+aue++ɵe gne saum+a uoegm+›a æ c›o6ape. Hx mcuonasyDw æ uo›asawena+ɵx m pasæne›awena+ɵx cpawe+mex.

Kawgɵu +oæɵu upmeu, uoumuo upaæmna+ou uosɵ, +aum+aewce c noua+me. 3wo uowew sauewmwa wona›o uenoæe›, s+aDymu upmeuɵ c›o6ape, ocwana+ɵu +auano ygapoæ ›awewce opra+mu+ɵu, oco6e++ɵu uo +emsæecw+ou upmum+e. Vgapɵ mgyw +e ms cwawmu+oro uonowe+me, a unaæ+o æɵwe›aDw ms sneue+wa noua+me – uaye æcero, uoæopow+oro upɵw›a. Cau upɵwo› uowew 6ɵwa +esauewe+, rnaæ+oe – uwo6ɵ pa6owan upm+ymu, oc+oæa++ɵu +a

›pyue+mm.

Mocne ›awgou cepmm ygapoæ 6oey +a gonD ce›y+gɵ æosæpayaewce æ «pasroæop+yD cwou›y», paccna6neew uɵmyɵ m og+oæpeue++o rowoæmw +oæɵu ygap. Mpm uogrowoæ›e ygapa æaw+a æ+esau+ocwa, uoswouy m+orga, upm +egocwawou+ou pea›ymm (ue+ee 6ɵcwpou, ueu y couep+m›a), uow+o xmwpmwa: genawa æmg, 6ygwo uemewce 6o› mnm uneuo, ow›yga sapewe++ae s+eprmeu py›a yxogmw æ ygap. Bsrneg gonwe+ 6ɵwa +aupaæne+ «umuo» upowmæ+m›a (uoæepx ronoæɵ) mnm +euocpegcwæe++o æ rnasa. He cnegyew cuowpewa +a cwouɵ (nauɵ), mx

+eo6xogmuo wona›o uyæcwæoæawa. 3a +oraum cnegew uɵcne++o.

Hcuonasye ygapɵ 6es upɵw›oæ, cnegyew uepes 2 – 3 cepmm wa›mx awa› uepexogmwa +a

upɵw›oæyD wex+m›y.

Mpm saymwe py›m pacuonowe+ɵ æcerga y rpygm. Ecnm 6oey saymyaewce wona›o og+ou py›ou, wo gpyrae +arowoæe «newmw» +a og+omue++ou erogmye mnm sa cum+ou.

Mpm +ow+ɵx ygapax weno æɵrm6aewce æuepeg (sØØe›w ny›a) – ow +e6onamoro +a›no+a go uporm6a æ ropmso+wana+yD unoc›ocwa. Mocneg+mu æapma+w æcwpeuaewce upm ›o+wpawa›e.

fwo6ɵ æ gæmwe+mm wasa m no›weu æo æpeue awa›m 6ɵna uocwaæne+a «æocauep›a»,

+eo6xogmuo genawa upmwouɵ. Mpmwouɵ +yw+ɵ wa›we gne coxpa+e+me paæ+oæecme æ rononegmyy. Mpm xopomo uocwaæne++ou wex+m›e 6oe +eo6xogmuocwa æ o6emx «æocauep›ax» owuagaew.

H+orga +eo6xogmu +a›no+ ›opuyca ow upowmæ+m›a. Ta›oe uonowe+me +asɵæaDw

«crpyg›ou».

Owgena+ae weua – gɵxa+me æ c›o6ape. He›owopɵe uacwepa coæewyDw +e gɵmawa, a «uewa». Eye ogm+ geucwæe++ɵe coæew – «æɵgox æ+ywpa». Ta›ou æɵgox +eo6xogmuo uouyæcwæoæawa, a +e uo+ewa. Mpaæmna+ae uewogm›a gɵxa+me uouoraew pmwuy ægoxoæ-æɵgoxoæ +e c6mæawace, gawe ecnm cepgye cwyumw æ 6eme+ou pmwue.

AwaıyDyue upuemɵ

Awa›a æ c›o6ape cæogmwce, 6onameu uacwaD, › ygapau py›aum. C›opocwa mx +a+ece+me gocwmraew 6 ygapoæ æ ce›y+gy. Tex+m›a æ c›o6ape oco6ae. ¶æmwe+me mgyw upemuyyecwæe++o uo ›pyroæou wpae›wopmm, 6es Øm›caymm, uywa c6o›y (pmc. 55). Maxoæɵe ygapɵ – +eupeue++ɵu awpm6yw sworo cwmne.

Pmcy+o›55. Maxoæɵu ›pyroæou ygap Cmna gne uoy+oro xnɵcwoo6pas+oro ygapa gonw+a mcxogmwa ms o6nacwm wasa. 3geca

6onamoe s+aue+me mueew upaæmna+ae pasum+›a: ecnm «noua+me» upoæege+o æep+o, wo wpyg+ocweu c ygap+ou cmnou +e æos+m›+ew. bnarogape wa›ou wex+m›e ygapa, c›o6apa m+orga uywaDw co cwmneu «uae+oro ›yna›a» æ æocwou+ɵx egm+o6opcwæax. Ho sgeca ecwa cæom oco6e++ocwm. Cmna ygapa 6epewce ›a› 6ɵ ms seunm m upo+ocmwce uo æceuy weny go ygap+ou uoæepx+ocwm, upm swou 6ouyɵ +e æɵuyc›aDw s+eprmD c ›awgɵu ygapou, a coxpa+eDw m

ycmnmæaDw ee sa cuew woro, uwo 6onamm+cwæo +auage+mu æosæpaw+ɵe (ygap upmxogmwce +a o6paw+oe gæmwe+me py›m mnm +orm). 3+eprme ›o+ye+wpmpyewce æ ygap+ou uecwe, +o +e æɵxogmw, a ocwaewce æ wene.

Baw+ɵu uoue+wou eæneewce uoæopow+ae wou›a (wou›a æpaye+me). 3wow wepum+ +e cnegyew uo+muawa 6y›æana+o. Tou›a æpaye+me – swo ycnoæ+oe uecwo æ wene uenoæe›a, ow+ocmwena+o

›owoporo æegywce gæmwe+me æ 6oD. Mow+o æɵgenmwa oc+oæ+ɵe m gouon+mwena+ɵe wou›m. Oc+oæ+ou wou›ou æpaye+me uowew 6ɵwa con+eu+oe cunewe+me mnm waso6egpe++ɵu cycwaæ. B uepæou cnyuae, cæo6og+ɵe gæmwe+me wena æegywce «æo›pyr» ye+wpa rpygm, cauo con+eu+oe cunewe+me uouwm +euogæmw+o, o+o ›a› 6ɵ «æɵ›mgɵæaew» ygap+ɵe uacwm wena gne saymwɵ mnm +auage+me. To we cauoe ow+ocmwce › waso6egpe++ouy cycwaæy.

¶ouon+mwena+ɵe wou›m æpaye+me – uneueæou, waso6egpe++ɵu, no›weæou m gpyrme cycwaæɵ. Bo æpeue cæeso› ms +ec›ona›mx ygapoæ weno pa6owaew ›a› unewa: py›m «pacwyw» ow wasa, a

+orm – ow rpygm. bnarogape wa›ou wex+m›e 6oe, ygapɵ py›aum m +oraum æ c›o6ape ner›o uepegyDwce gpyr c gpyrou.

1. Mogxnecw (xnecw, ygap c uneua, «6o›oæou») – 6o›oæou ygap ›yna›ou mnm sauecwaeu (pmc. 56). 3ageucwæoæa+a æ upmeue +e wona›o ygap+ae py›a, +o m æwopae (æcuouorawena+ae). Bcuouorawena+ae py›a uouoraew ygap+ou cgenawa uoy+oe xnecw›oe gæmwe+me: ee uo m+epymm owæogew æ6o› m +asag upm sauaxe. Vgap +a+ocmwce c6o›y, xowe couep+m›m upogonwaDw cwoewa nmyou › nmyy. Oc+oæ+ae wou›a æpaye+me – waso6egpe++ɵu cycwaæ.

Pmcy+o›56. MogxnecwMogxnecw – cauɵu c›opocw+ou upmeu æ c›o6ape. C›opocwa +a+ece+me cocwaæneew 5 – 7

ygapoæ æ ce›y+gy. Mogxnecw uowew æɵuon+ewace æ upɵw›e mnm +a uecwe, c upmwouɵæa+meu mnm 6es +ero. faye æcero swow upmeu upmue+eDw æ gæmwe+mm m c upɵw›aum, xowa m

+e6onammum. Heo6xogmua cm+xpo++ocwa: upmwou upaæou +orou coæuagaew æ gæmwe+mm c ygapou upaæou py›ou, wo we gne neæou uonoæm+ɵ.

Mogxnecwɵ æcerga o6pasyDw cepmm, uneum upm swou mgyw uo «æocauep›e», æ+mua+me c›o+ye+wpmpoæa+o +a æosæpawe. Kyna› +eo6xogmuo cwmuawa wona›o æo æpeue ›o+wa›wa. Mpm

ygape sauecwaeu uanayɵ nmma cner›a uogwmuaDwce › nago+m.

B yue6+ou owpa6ow›e nago+a uo æosæpawy xnouaew uo rpygm, æ peana+ou 6oD swow sneue+w owuagaew.

2. Vo›owo› (uogxnecw no›weu) – 6o›oæou ygap no›weu (pmc. 57). Ero æɵuon+eDw wa› we,

›a› o6ɵu+ɵu uogxnecw, +o ygap+ou uoæepx+ocwaD cnywaw upeguneuae m no›owa cmna+o cor+ywou æ no›weæou cycwaæe py›m.

Pmcy+o›57. Mogxnecw no›weu

Vo›owo› æɵuon+eDw æ ner›ou ›opow›ou upɵw›e +a uecwe, c yc›ope+meu. Og+oæpeue++o c uoæopowou, æ +aupaæne+mm ygapa æ upɵw›e c›pyumæaDwce py›m, cor+ywɵe æ no›weæɵx cycwaæax («æɵxnecw no›weu»). Horm +a mmpm+e uneu. Cwoua ygapeew æ seunD co æceu cmnou. Vo›wm uoryw uog+ewace æɵme uneu, æ saæmcmuocwm ow pacwew›m 6ouya m yenm ygapa. Awa›a mgew cæepxy æ+ms m og+oæpeue++o æ cwopo+y, pewe – c+msy ææepx. Ouwmuana+o, æ uoue+w

+a+ece+me ygapa o6a no›we m ye+wp wewecwm gonw+ɵ +axogmwace +a og+ou upeuou. Bwopou ygap, æ upowmæouonow+yD cwopo+y, mueew 6onamyD auunmwygy, ueu uepæɵu, uoswouy gonwe+ 6ɵwa uoy+ee. Mogxnecw no›weu, ›a› m 6onamm+cwæo gpyrmx 6o›oæɵx ygapoæ, upmue+eDw æ cmuuewpmu+ou cæes›e – cepmm ygapoæ og+oro wmua, cmuuewpmu+ɵx caumu ce6e. B 6oD cæes›a, ›a› upaæmno, cocwomw ms 2 – 4 ygapoæ. C›opocwa +a+ece+me – 5 – 6 ygapoæ æ ce›y+gy.

Tou›m æpaye+me, oc+oæ+ɵe mnm gouon+mwena+ɵe – +am6onee 6esouac+ɵe yenm gne uopawe+me. Mpm6nmsmæmmca › +mu, 6oey æɵxogmw ms uone a›wmæ+ɵx geucwæmu upowmæ+m›a m uonyuaew upocwpa+cwæe++oe upemuyyecwæo. Kpoue woro, +au+oro upoye cnoumwa o6pasyDymuce ygap pegou c wou›ou æpaye+me, ueu ouepmpye ygap+ou uoæepx+ocwaD (›yna›ou, no›weu m w. g.).

3. Mogxnecw no›weu +asag (pmc. 58) – ygap, cmuuewpmu+ɵu owuam›e no›weu æuepeg (cu.

+mwe). Vgap+ae py›a upmwmuaewce › 6o›y m æɵ6pacɵæaewce c+msy ææepx, cwapaeca æɵuwm sa oceæyD unoc›ocwa ygapa. ]ena awa›m – uenDcwa, wmæow, uax. Bwopae py›a «we+aD» coupoæowgaew ygap+yD. Hora, og+omue++ae c ygap+ou py›ou, owcwyuaew +asag, «uog upowmæ+m›a», 6es upmwoua.

Pmcy+o›58. Mogxnecw no›weu +asag

B uo›asawena+ɵx æɵcwyune+mex ygap mgew c+msy, ›a› 6ɵ c›onase uo æosgyxy ægona wynoæmya upowmæ+m›a. B peana+ou 6oD ygap upoæona›mæaewce uo wmæowy mnm rpygm couep+m›a. Mogxnecw no›weu +asag upmue+eDw ›a› æ +acwyune+mm, wa› m upm owcwyune+mm. Bo æwopou cnyuae, æosæpaw py›m uowew unaæ+o uepeuwm æ uogxnecw ›yna›ou mnm py6eymu ygap.

4. Kone+ye (xnecw +orou, uogxnecw ›one+ou) – 6o›oæou ygap ›one+ou (pmc. 59), æɵuon+eewce c uonycor+ywou +orou uo wa›ou we cxeue, uwo m uogxnecwɵ py›ou m no›weu. Vgap+ae +ora owæogmwce uywa æ cwopo+y m, uocne o6xogeyero ›pyroæoro gæmwe+me, +a+ocmw ygap uo æɵ6pa++ou uacwm wena couep+m›a. ¶ne nyumeu owuam›m æwopae +ora uowew uouorawa upmwouɵæa+meu, +o swo +e o6esawena+o. Oc+oæ+ae wou›a æpaye+me – waso6egpe++ɵu cycwaæ, o+ «æɵ6pacɵæaew» ›one+o æuepeg; upm swou æce weno upeæpayaewce æ egm+yD «unewa», +orm 6ygwo «pacwyw ow rpygm».

Pmcy+o› 59. Mogxnecw ›one+ou – ›one+ye

]enm ›one+ya – ygap uog um›mw›m (uog pe6pa), uog nouaw›y, uoguɵm›y, æ ronoæy, 6egpo mnm rone+a. Kone+ye uow+o mcuonasoæawa ›a› uepe6mæaDymu saymw+ɵu ygap upm awa›e couep+m›a py›aum mnm +oraum. Py›m æo æpeue ygapa mgyw cæepxy æ+ms m æoæ+ywpa, › rpygm m ygap+ouy 6egpy. Hx uow+o mcuonasoæawa og+oæpeue++o c ›one+yeu gne saxæawa couep+m›a sa no›wm (saymw+ɵu upmeu).

Kone+ye – æosæpaw+ɵu ygap. Cpasy uocne ero +a+ece+me, +ora «upywm+mw» o6paw+o › weny, › con+eu+ouy cunewe+mD (ecnm swo 6ɵno ›one+ye c+msy), a saweu, owc›oumæ ow +ero, æcwaew +a seunD c upmwouou æ wou +aupaæne+mm, ›yga +ayene+ cnegyDymu ygap py›ou mnm

+orou. Og+oæpeue++o c upmwouou, uowew mgwm æ xog uogxnecw og+omue++ou py›ou.

B o6pegoæou 6oD ›one+ye m no›owo› 6ɵnm saupeye++ɵum upmeuaum. Hx mcuonasoæanm wona›o æ +acwoeymx cxæaw›ax.

Mogxnecwɵ m owuam›m +oraum, ›a› m gpyrme +ow+ɵe upmeuɵ, æ c›o6ape upmue+eDw peg›o, uoc›ona›y +ory ner›o uepexæawmwa: wa›ae awa›a uanosØØe›wmæ+a. K wouy we, mcwopmuec›m, ›ynau+ɵe 6om smuou uacwo upoxogmnm +a nagy, m ygapɵ +oraum 6ɵnm ouac+ɵ gne cauoro +auagaDyero.

5. Mogxnecw ›one+ou +asag (c+msy) – ygap, a+anormu+ɵu uogxnecwy ›one+ou, +o c gpyrmu

+aupaæne+meu ›pyroæoro gæmwe+me +orm (pmc. 60).

3wow ygap xopom æ ›pyroæɵx cæes›ax c gæmwe+meu uo cumpanm.

+asag

Pmcy+o› 60. Mogxnecw ›one+ou

Paccuowpmu æapma+w, ›orga 6ouya o›pywaDw c o6omx 6o›oæ gæa couep+m›a. Mpm owpa6ow›e ygapa +a wpe+mpoæ›e, couep+m›oæ cnegyew cxæawmwa sa uneum m pɵæ›ou gep+ywa æ

cwopo+y ygapa (æ peana+ou 6oD swo æpeg nm ygacwce cgenawa, uoc›ona›y mx py›m cæo6og+ɵ). bnms›mu ›o+wa›w o6esawene+. Vgap+oe ›one+o gonw+o 6ɵwa +esauew+o owæege+o +apywy › 6egpy couep+m›a m upoæonoue+o uo ero uoæepx+ocwm go uaxa mnm rpygm (upowmæ+m› gonwe+ 6ɵwa cner›a cor+yw upm wonu›e › ygapy). ¶eucwæme upomcxogmw +a uogaeue mnm æ upɵw›e, uoswouy sapa+ee +eo6xogmuo cner›a cor+ywa ›one+m. ¶anee, æ cæes›y normu+o æ›nDumwa 6o›oæou ygap ›one+ou uo æwopouy couep+m›y c og+oæpeue++ɵu uoæopowou wasa +a 90 – 120°. Mneum æo æpeue swmx ua+muyneymu +euogæmw+ɵ, o+m nmma gepraDwce ææepx-æ+ms uo m+epymm.

6. Mogxnecw +orou ownmuaewce ow gpyrmx æmgoæ uogxnecwa weu, uwo swo +e wona›o 6o›oæou ygap: o+ uowew 6ɵwa upeuɵu (pmc. 61). Hory æɵ6pacɵæaDw ææepx m æuepeg. Mpm 6o›oæou uogxnecwe +orou uapannena+o coæepmaewce ›pyroo6pas+oe (o6xogeyee) gæmwe+me. 3wo gæmwe+me uowew 6ɵwa c +e6onammu sarm6ou mnm sa›pyue++ɵu. Oco6e++o sØØe›we+ æwopou æapma+w, upm swou +ora oumcɵæaew 6onamou ›pyr, +esageucwæoæa++ɵe cycwaæɵ +e

+aupewe+ɵ, py›m genaDw cm+xpo++ɵe æsuaxm: 6narogape æceuy uepeumcne++ouy, swow upmeu cwa+oæmwce uoxowmu +a sneue+w unec›m.

+orou: 1 – +auano gæmwe+me (sauax); 2 – æɵ6poc +orm gne ygapa

Pmcy+o› 61. Mogxnecw

7. Owuam›a ›yna›ou æuepeg (py6eymu ygap ›yna›ou, owuam›a æuepeg, ygap py6ue, uoyeum+a) wowe eæneewce uaxoæɵu ygapou: py›a crm6aewce æ no›we, cner›a upmwmuaewce uo

+aupaæne+mD › wynoæmyy mnm ow +ero, uog+muaewce ææepx m «py6eymu» gæmwe+meu ouyc›aewce +a couep+m›a (pmc. 62). Vgap +a+ocmwce æ gonm ce›y+gɵ. Vgap+ae uoæepx+ocwa

– +mw+mu wopey ›yna›a. Tou›ou æpaye+me uowew 6ɵwa ›a› waso6egpe++ɵu cycwaæ, wa› m con+eu+oe cunewe+me.

›yna›ou æuepeg

Pmcy+o› 62. Owuam›a

Kmcwa py›m æo æpeue ygapa uowew 6ɵwa cwawa æ ›yna› (owuam›a ›yna›ou), «nogou›y»

(uoyeum+a) mnm we ocwaæawace pac›pɵwou (ygap unamue).

Owpa6ow›y upmeua æegyw ms uonowe+me c uonycor+ywɵum +oraum, ›oconauɵum cwouaum, æɵgæm+ywɵu æuepeg wasou. Bo æpeue cepmm ygapoæ uneum m was mgyw uo «æocauep›e». Py›a, 6narogape gæmwe+mD ›opuyca, æɵ›mgɵæaewce › ronoæe mnm æɵme, ow›yga xneyew uo gyre mnm «æon+e» æ +a›no++ou unoc›ocwm. Mow+o upegcwaæmwa, uwo was – py›oewa unew›m, ›opuyc

– caua unewa, ›yna› – rmpa›a +a ›o+ye (ecnm nago+a pac›pɵwa, o+a eæneewce +e «rmpa›ou», a

«upogonwe+meu unewm»). Ha æosæpawe no›owa mgew › con+eu+ouy cunewe+mD m sa +ero. Baw+o æ py6eyeu ygape +ayumwace cosgaæawa ygapɵ mc›nDumwena+o sa cuew ›opuyca, +e

+auperae oc+oæa+me py›. Mneum +e gonw+ɵ upoæanmæawace æuepeg. Vgap py6ue æ pac›pyw›e genaDw æ upɵw›e mnm c uogaeuou +a +oc›m. Og+oæpeue++o c ygapou, 6oey ocawmæaewce uew›aum +a seunD, upm swou uow+o æɵuon+mwa upɵwo› æuepeg c ygapou uo cwoue.

3ØØe›wmæe+ ygap py6ue upm pa6owe gæyue py›aum cpasy, ›a› upm o6ɵu+ou uogxnecwe. Owuam›y æuepeg uacwo couewaDw c +acwyune+meu +a upowmæ+m›a m uoæopowaum æo›pyr cæoeu ocm.

8. Owuam›a +asag (pmc. 63) a+anormu+a py6eyeuy ygapy c wou pas+myeu, uwo awa›oæawa

+eo6xogmuo, cwoe cum+ou mnm 6o›ou › upowmæ+m›y. Vgap+ae py›a upogenɵæaew we we gæmwe+me, +o æ owæege++ou æ cwopo+y m +asag uonowe+mm, upaæae py›a gæmwewce uo uacoæou cwpen›e, neæae – æ o6paw+ou +aupaæne+mm.

Vgap+ae py›a paccna6ne+a, ee no›owa c›onasmw uo rpygm m yxogmw ua›cmuana+o æ upowmæouonow+yD cwopo+y (ecnm upaæae py›a – æneæo, m +ao6opow), ow›yga æɵxnecwɵæaewce o6paw+o c+msy ææepx mnm cæepxy æ+ms. Buecwe c æɵ6pocou no›we – upmwou og+omue++ou

+orou. Py›m pa6owaDw æuecwe, «æocauep›ou». Hauano owuam›m – c ye+wpa wewecwm, +a

›owopou sa›a+umæaewce æosæpaw+ɵu 6o›oæou ygap no›weu.

Pmcy+o›63. Owuam›a +asag

9. Owuam›a no›weu æuepeg (pmc. 64) – uogxnecw no›weu æ o6paw+ou +aupaæne+mm. Mpmue+eewce uaye æcero ›a› saymw+ɵu uepe6mæaDymu upmeu.

Pmcy+o› 64. Owuam›a no›weu æuepeg

10. Owuam›a no›weu +asag (pmc. 65) – sag+ee awa›a (uaye æcero – c yenaD cauosaymwɵ). Vgap+ae py›a æpaye+meu ›opuyca æɵ6pacɵæaewce ææepx m +asag. Tou›a uoæopowa – waso6egpe++ɵu cycwaæ. Mneum upm owæege+mm py›m +asag pasæopaumæaDwce uo æocauep›e. Horm upmuog+muaDwce +a +oc›m, og+omue++ae c ygap+ou py›ou +ora uepecwyuaew +asag c upmwouou. Vgap no›weu +a+ocew cæepxy æ+ms uog yrnou 45 – 90° › ropmso+wana+ou unoc›ocwm. Ha æosæpawe py›a gæmraewce › wou›e uewgy nouaw›aum, upmwmuaewce › 6o›y m

«æcwaew» +a uecwo.

Pmcy+o›65. Owuam›a no›weu +asag

Owpa6ow›y ygapa æegyw, xnouae +a æosæpawe ce6e ygap+ou py›ou uo erogmye. Ecnm ygap æɵuon+e+ upaæmna+o, wo swow xnouo› m upmwou +orm coæuagyw. Mpmwou uowew coupoæowgawace ygapou upowmæ+m›a uo cwoue. Bwopae (+e ygap+ae) py›a pa6owaew, ›a› upm uogxnecwe, gæmraeca æuecwe c ygap+ou. Bce gæmwe+me ecwecwæe++ɵ, paccna6ne++ɵ.

11. Owuam›a ›one+ou (pmc. 66) – ygap, a+anormu+ɵu owuam›e no›weu æuepeg, +o æɵuon+eeuɵu cor+ywou +orou. C gpyrou cwopo+ɵ, swow ygap uo ero o6pasoæa+mD (+o +e uo

cuoco6y +a+ece+me) uow+o +asæawa ygapou, o6paw+ɵu ›one+yy (uogxnecwy ›one+ou). Hora æɵ›mgɵæaewce ms+ywpm +apywy gne awa›m +axogeymxce c6o›y ow 6ouya uacweu wena upowmæ+m›a (upm +auage+mm c6o›y). boey uowew wa›we cner›a pasæep+ywace m awa›oæawa couep+m›a, cwoeyero › +euy nmyou.

Pmcy+o›66. Owuam›a ›one+ou Mpm ygape upaæɵu ›one+ou, ero sa+ocew æneæo uo +aupaæne+mD › rpygm m pes›o

æɵ›mgɵæaDw æupaæo, pa6owae æceu ›opuycou. Fone+a, æ mgeane, æɵxogmw +a ygap æ ropmso+wana+ou uonowe+mm, +o swo æosuow+o wona›o upm xopomeu pacwew›e 6ouya. Vgap æosæpaw+ɵu: ›one+o æo æpeue ygapa ywe yxogmw uo ›pyroæou wpae›wopmm uog upaæyD py›y. Py›a upm swou uowew coæepmawa saymw+ɵe uaxoæɵe gæmwe+me mnm +aupaænewace › neæouy 6egpy gne uocnegyDyeu owuam›m ›yna›ou mnm no›weu. ¶eucwæme gne ygapa neæɵu ›one+ou sep›ana+ɵ.

Owuam›y ›one+ou upmue+eDw æ sep›ana+ou cæes›e c æpaye+meu. Ha æosæpawe uocne ygapa upaæyD +ory cwaæew uew›ou › couep+m›y, og+oæpeue++o c uocwa+oæ›ou ee +a seunD, uoæopaumæaDw ›opuyc upowmæ uacoæou cwpen›m (æneæo) +a 180° m æɵ›mgɵæaDw gne owuam›m neæoe ›one+o. 3aweu cæes›a uowew 6ɵwa ecwecwæe++ɵu o6pasou upogonwe+a uogxnecwou py›ou. Mpmwouɵ gonw+ɵ 6ɵwa cmna+ɵum; +a ygapax mgyw +ms›me upɵw›m.

12. Owuam›a ›one+ou +asag (pmc. 67) – ygap, cmuuewpmu+ɵu owuam›e ›one+ou æuepeg, æɵuon+eewce gne awa›m upowmæ+m›a, +axogeyeroce csagm c6o›y. Kone+o æɵ+ocmwce ææepx m æɵ›mgɵæaewce wasou æ cwopo+y. Fone+a upm ygape pacuonowe+a ropmso+wana+o. Mpmeu uowew 6ɵwa æɵuon+e+ c æɵxogou +a +oc›m mnm æ upɵw›e. boey pasæopaumæaewce æ xoge upmeua nmyou › couep+m›y m upogonwaew cxæaw›y og+mu ms coowæewcwæyDymx ygapoæ. Bcneg sa pasæopowou +mw+eu uacwm wena (upm æɵ6poce ›one+a æ cwopo+y m +asag) pasæopaumæaDwce uneum, og+omue++ae c ygap+ɵu ›one+ou py›a o6pasyew owuam›y no›weu

+asag (og+oæpeue++o c ygapou awa›yDyeu +orm o seunD), upeguneuae pacuonaraewce æepwm›ana+o, saymyae weno ow sag+mx ygapoæ.

Pmcy+o› 67. Owuam›a ›one+ou +asag

Bosuow+a sep›ana+ae cæes›a owuame› ›one+ou +asag æo æpaye+mm c auunmwygou 180° c uepegoæa+meu upaæoro m neæoro ›one+a.

13. Tɵuo› – upeuou ygap py›ou (pmc. 68). Cmna ygapa mgew æon+ou: ms wasa (s+eprme ow seunm), uepes xpe6ew m +a py›y (wou›a æpaye+me – waso6egpe++ɵu cycwaæ). Tɵuo› uowew æɵuon+ewace +a uogaeue mnm c+msy m coupoæowgaewce upmwouɵæa+meu.<

> Pmcy+o›68.Tɵuo›cæepxy

B o6pegoæou wex+m›e wɵu›m 6ɵnm saupeye++ɵum upmeuaum.

14. Kone+o-wɵuo›, mnm wɵuo› ›one+ou. Vgapɵ +oraum wowe uoryw 6ɵwa wɵu›oæɵum. HauagaDymu cner›a upmcegaew (rpyga m ronoæa æ upaæmna+ou 6oeæou uonowe+mm), uog+muaew ygap+yD +ory æepwm›ana+o, ›one+ou ææepx, go ypoæ+e uoeca mnm uywa +mwe, a saweu pes›o æɵ›mgɵæaew ›one+o æuepeg, +a+oce mu ygap. Kone+o-wɵuo› – +eæosæpaw+ɵu æmg ygapa, uoswouy wpe6yew oco6ou 6gmwena+ocwm. O+ uowew coupoæowgawace ›ynau+ɵu

+auage+meu mnm saymw+ɵu +auawɵæa+meu. Mpm swou ›one+o-wɵuo› – 6onee ycwouumæɵu æapma+w awa›m, +ewenm uogxnecw +orou: gawe ecnm couep+m› ycueew uepexæawmwa ›one+o, pɵuar yupaæne+me æammu wenou 6ygew æ pasɵ ue+ame, ueu upm wou we «6ege» c uogxnecwou. Kone+o-wɵuo› wpe6yew xopomero c6nmwe+me c æparou m æɵco›ou c›opocwm gæmwe+me. Ka› +m cwpa++o, wou›ou uoæopowa æ ga++ou cnyuae eæneewce con+eu+oe cunewe+me, a +e waso6egpe++ɵu cycwaæ: mue++o ow +ero mgew æɵ6poc s+eprmm æ ›one+o, æce

weno +mwe con+eu+oro cunewe+me uogaewce æuepeg. Py›m æo æpeue ygapa uaye æcero owæogew æ cwopo+ɵ m +asag. Bce oumca++ɵe geucwæme gnewce gonD ce›y+gɵ.

15. Tɵuo› +orou (pmc. 69) uoxow +a upeuou uogxnecw +orou, +o ownmuaewce 6onameu pes›ocwaD. Vgap uow+o +a+ocmwa ms nD6ou uosɵ (o6ɵu+o swo cwa+gapw+oe uonowe+me

›opuyca). Mpmeu +e uoxow +a uaxoæoe gæmwe+me: +ory +e «æɵ›mgɵæaDw», a upocwo uog+muaDw, uwo6ɵ saweu c cmnou w›+ywa eD couep+m›a.

Pmcy+o›69.Tɵuo›+orou

Tɵuo› +orou upmue+eDw æ uaccoæou cxæaw›e, ›orga +ago sageucwæoæawa m py›m, m +orm gne 6opa6ɵ c pas+ɵum 6ouyaum, a wa›we gne «o6esæpewmæa+me» upowmæ+m›a +a uonycor+ywɵx +orax. Mpm swou sØØe›wmæe+ wɵuo› +orou æ+ms, yenaD eæneewce uepeg+ee uacwa 6egpa couep+m›a. Vgap uowew 6ɵwa upeuɵu mnm mgyymu cner›a c6o›y. B mwore (upm

upaæmna+o +a+ece++ou ygape), awa›yeuɵu pes›o ouyc›aewce +a seunD, æpeue++o upe›payae

+auagawa. Awa›yDymu upywm+mw sa cuew ygap+ou +orm m cner›a owc›a›mæaew +asag. Tɵuo›

+orou ææepx +ayene+ +a uneuo couep+m›a.

16. Hora-6pɵ› (6pɵ› +orou) ow+ocmwce › «sag+mu» upmeuau. Ta›me upmeuɵ oco6e++o a›wyana+ɵ æ ›pyroæou, uaccoæou 6oe, ›orga upmxogmwce cpawawace c couep+m›aum, o›pywmæmmum co æcex cwopo+. bpɵ› +orou uonyuaewce ms uonowe+me c uonycor+ywɵum

›one+eum m +a›no+e++ɵu æuepeg ›opuycou. Vgap+ae +ora, pasro+eeca cuepegm +asag,

«ump›aew» uo seune, ›a› cumu›a uo ›opo6›y, m æsnewaew sa cum+ou ææepx, uoggeæae upowmæ+m›a, uocne uero æcwaew +a uecwo. Py›m upm swou uoryw 6ɵwa sageucwæoæa+ɵ æ gpyrou upmeue (upm 6mwæe c +ec›ona›mum couep+m›aum) mnm uouorawa gepwawa paæ+oæecme.

Ecnm 6pɵ› +e upeuou, a 6o›oæou ygap+ae +ora upm «æsnewe» oumcɵæaew gyry, +aupaæne++yD msæ+e, a py›m coæepmaDw uaxoæoe gæmwe+me æ upowmæouonow+yD cwopo+y.

17. Vera+me +orou – swo cæoeo6pas+ɵu sag+mu wɵuo›. Mpomsæogmwce uogo6+o 6pɵ›y

+orou, ms wou we mcxog+ou cwou›m, +o +ora æɵ›mgɵæaewce +e ææepx, ›a› ›pDuo›, a pes›o

+asag, won›ae upowmæ+m›a, a +e uoggeæae ero. Vera+me wowe uowew 6ɵwa upeuɵu mnm 6o›oæɵu. ¶eucwæme py› a+anormu+ɵ upmeuy «+ora-6pɵ›».

Kom6u+ayuu

Moumuo ogm+ou+ɵx upmeuoæ, +a wpe+mpoæ›ax owpa6awɵæaDwce ›ou6m+aymm: +aupmuep,

›one+o-no›owa, owuam›a-uogxnecw m gpyrme. Mpocweumme ›ou6m+aymm – swo cæes›m ms ogm+a›oæɵx mnm sep›ana+ɵx upmeuoæ.

Kone+o-no›owa – swo ›ou6m+ayme ms ›one+ya (xnecw +orou) m no›ow›a (uogxnecw no›weu). Vgapɵ cnegyDw ogm+ sa gpyrmu, s+eprme unaæ+o, +o 6ɵcwpo uepexogmw c uepæou ygap+ou uoæepx+ocwm +a uocnegyDyyD. B swou ›ou6m+aymm wou›a æpaye+me o6yae, uwo co›payaew gnmwena+ocwa upmeua +a +esauew+oe, +o s+aumuoe gne 6oe æpeue. Kone+o m no›owa gonw+ɵ 6ɵwa o6a upaæɵum mnm o6a neæɵum, m+aue uaxm uonyuawce æ pas+ɵe cwopo+ɵ, a swo c+msmw sØØe›wmæ+ocwa ›ou6m+aymm.

Owuam›a-uogxnecw – ›ou6m+ayme ms owuam›m æuepeg m o6ɵu+oro uogxnecwa. Mpm swou py›m +acwyuaDyero uocwoe++o pacuonowe+ɵ wa›, uwo ›awewce, 6ygwo o+ ›oro-wo o6+muaew (upm æmge cæepxy, py›m c wynoæmyeu o6pasyDw 6y›æy «C»). Kopuyc uouepeue++o uoæopaumæaewce wo æneæo, wo æupaæo (wou›a æpaye+me – waso6egpe++ɵu cycwaæ), swm gæmwe+me coupoæowgaDwce upmwouɵæa+meu m +acwyune+meu æ cwopo+y upowmæ+m›a. Mpm uoæopowe æneæo, 6oey genaew owuam›y æuepeg neæou py›ou m, cpasy we uocne sworo, – uogxnecw upaæou py›ou; upm uoæopowe æupaæo – owuam›a upaæou py›ou m uogxnecw neæou. Vgapɵ mgyw gpyr sa gpyrou opra+mu+o, cnmw+o, uoc›ona›y uneueæou uoec, uoæopaumæaeca ow+ocmwena+o waso6egpe++oro cycwaæa, gæmraewce 6ɵcwpo m unaæ+o, ›a› 6ɵ yæne›ae sa co6ou py›m m «sacwaænee» mx æoæpeue cgenawa ygapɵ.

Owuam›a-uogxnecw no›weu cocwomw ms owuam›m og+ou py›ou c upmwouou og+omue++ou eu

+orm m 6o›oæoro ygapa (uogxnecwa) no›weu gpyrou py›ou c upmwouou æwopou +orm. 3aweu gæmwe+me uoæwopeDwce æ sep›ana+ou uopeg›e. Bosuow+o æɵuon+e+me ›ou6m+aymm æ upɵw›e, worga +orm wouaDw æuecwe. Eye ogm+ æapma+w – owuam›a m uogxnecw coæepmaDwce no›weu og+ou m wou we py›m. Og+omue++ae +ora wouaew upm swou gæawgɵ. Mneum upm uepexoge ow og+oro ygapa › gpyrouy ecwecwæe++ɵu o6pasou pasæopaumæaDwce +a 180°.

Pac›pyw›a no›weu – uogxnecw no›weu, uepexogeymu upm uouoym æwoporo (+e awa›yDyero) no›we æ o6opow 6ouya æo›pyr cæoeu ocm (æ wy we cwopo+y, ›yga men uepæɵu ygap no›weu). ]m›n ms uogxnecwa m o6opowa uoæwopeewce u+oro pas. Buecwo uogxnecwa uowew 6ɵwa mcuonasoæa+a owuam›a no›weu.

Baw+o upm pac›pyw›e coxpa+ewa paæ+oæecme. fwo6ɵ ronoæa +e sa›pywmnaca, ee uoæopaumæaDw owgena+o ow uoæopowa ›opuyca. Moæopaumæawa ronoæy +aum+aDw uoswe, ueu wynoæmye (go sworo 6oey Øm›cmpyew wou›y æsrnega), a sa›a+umæaDw – pa+ame (æsrneg Øo›ycmpyewce æ wou we wou›e).

Paccuowpmu pac›pyw›y no›weu, +auawyD c uogxnecwa upaæou py›ou. Mogxnecw upaæɵu no›weu coupoæowgaewce upmwouou upaæou +orm, ›owopae maraew sa oceæyD nm+mD (pmc. 70) m cwa+oæmwce uew›ou æuepeg. ¶anee, mgew pasæopow +a 180° c owuam›ou neæɵu ›one+ou (neæae uew›a æcwaew +a oceæyD nm+mD). ]e+wp wewecwm uepeueyaewce æon+oo6pas+o æ æepwm›ana+ou oceæou unoc›ocwm.

no›weu

Pmcy+o› 70. Pac›pyw›a

¶æmwe+me uo oceæou unoc›ocwm – +eo6xogmuɵu swau owpa6ow›m upmeuoæ pac›pyw›m. B

›pyroæou 6oD pac›pyw›y mcuonasyDw c uouepeue++ɵu saæanmæa+meu æupaæo mnm æneæo. Pac›pyw›a +orou uoxowa +a pac›pyw›y no›weu uo upm+ymuy ›ou6m+mpoæa+me gæmwe+mu.

Mpmeuɵ couewaDwce æ cnegyDyeu uocnegoæawena+ocwm (mcxog+oe uonowe+me – nmyou › couep+m›y): 6o›oæou uogxnecw +orou; uoæopow 6ouya æo›pyr ocm +a 180° æ wy cwopo+y, ›yga 6ɵn +aupaæne+ uogxnecw; 6o›oæou 6pɵ› gpyrou +orou; pasæopow +a 180° (c+oæa, nmyou › couep+m›y, og+oæpeue++o c pasæopowou +aum+aewce uoæwop ›ou6m+aymm). Kou6m+ayme uoæwopeewce +yw+oe ›onmuecwæo pas. bo›oæɵe ygapɵ uoryw 6ɵwa æɵpawe+ɵ ep›o (+ora oumcɵæaew mmpo›mu uony›pyr) mnm cna6o (+a uepæɵu æsrneg +e sauew+o, uwo ygap +e upeuou).

Pac›pyw›a +orou uonwopa cocwomw ms uogxnecwa +orou m uoæopowa æo›pyr cæoeu ocm c uepecwyua+meu. Mpm swou 6oey mgew æ +acwyune+me +a couep+m›a. bo›oæou uogxnecw +orou

saæepmaDw, uocwaæmæ ygap+yD cwouy «sagou +auepeg» cwporo uepeg gpyrou cwouou. Ka› wona›o ygap+ae cwoua ›oc+ynaca seunm (6oey cuopmw æ cwopo+y ow upowmæ+m›a), æwopyD

+ory uog+muaDw m genaDw eD mar c pasæopowou +a 180° (æcwaæae nmyou › couep+m›y). Mocne ›aca+me seunm swou +orou, æ xog c+oæa mgew ygap+ae +ora, coæepmae uogxnecw, m ym›n gæmwe+mu uoæwopeewce. Py›a, coowæewcwæyDyae æegyyeu (ygap+ou) +ore, uouoraew coæepmawa uoæopowɵ æo›pyr ocm.

Pac›pyw›a py›ou – upmeu, +yw+ɵu æ ›pyroæou 6oD. boey coæepmaew uogxnecw py›ou m wyw we uoæopaumæaewce › gpyrouy couep+m›y, uwo6ɵ uoæwopmwa swow upmeu.

Pac›pyw›a py›a-+ora. Hcxog+oe uonowe+me – cwa+gapw+ae cwou›a nmyou › couep+m›y. Mepæɵu mar ›ou6m+aymm – uoæopow uo +aupaæne+mD 6ygyymx ygapoæ +a 180°. Hs sworo uonowe+me unaæ+o æɵwe›aew mmpo›mu 6o›oæou uogxnecw +orou c og+oæpeue++ɵu uoæopowoæ eye +a 180° (6oey, c+oæa, nmyou › couep+m›y). ¶anee, upm upogonwaDyeuce uoæopowe, æ wy we cwopo+y mgew æɵco›mu, pasuammcwɵu uogxnecw no›weu. Ha swou ym›n

›ou6m+aymm saæepme+. Ta›yD pac›pyw›y upmue+eDw upm +eo6xogmuocwm oue+a a›wmæ+oro

+acwyuaDyero 6oe uo saxæawy upocwpa+cwæa (c6nmwe+mD c couep+m›ou), uoc›ona›y gne +ee wpe6yewce 6onamae sawpawa ycmnmu.

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